Question 1

The deliberate presentation of false precues in order to prompt an incorrect response is called&#10;A) Disguise&#10;B) Dissimulate&#10;C) Deception&#10;D) Decompose

Accepted Answer

The deliberate presentation of false precues is a tactic used in deception, which involves intentionally misleading someone. Disguise and dissimulation are related concepts but do not specifically refer to the use of false precues. Decompose does not relate to this situation at all.

Question 2

Both generalized and sport specific visual training programs are equally effective for developing on-field decision making improvements

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that sport specific visual training programs are more effective than generalized programs for improving on-field decision making.

Question 3

During gait training a therapist tells a patient not to think about falling. This is&#10;A) A good idea because the learner will avoid the action leading to performance improvement&#10;B) a bad idea because falling is a natural part of the learning process&#10;C) A bad idea as this strategy often leads to ironic effects&#10;D) B and C only

Accepted Answer

Telling a patient not to think about falling can actually increase their focus on falling, leading to a higher likelihood of falling (the ironic effect). It is therefore not a good strategy, and option A is incorrect. While falling is sometimes a part of the learning process, option B implies that it is necessary or expected, which is not necessarily true.

Question 4

The golf putt is an example of a ____________ targeting task.&#10;A) Fixed&#10;B) Abstract&#10;C) Moving&#10;D) Erratic

Accepted Answer

The answer of The golf putt is an example of...

Question 5

Which of the following is true of visual search?&#10;A) It is the focusing of one's visual attention on a specific object.&#10;B) It is the manner by which a performer directs his or her visual attention while trying to locate critical regulatory cues.&#10;C) It is the change in the environment that evokes a response.&#10;D) It is the inability to focus one's visual attention on a specific object.

Accepted Answer

Visual search refers to the way a performer directs their attention to locate important cues in the environment that will guide their actions. Option A describes visual attention, while option D describes a visual attention deficit. Option C describes a sensory stimulus, which is not related to the concept of visual search.

Question 6

The final fixation located on a specific target or object before the initiation of movement is which of the following?&#10;A) Time to contact&#10;B) Absolute gaze&#10;C) Visual finality&#10;D) The quiet eye

Accepted Answer

The final fixation located on a specific target or object before the initiation of movement is known as the quiet eye. This concept refers to the critical period of time when the athlete fixates on the target before the initiation of the movement. This fixated gaze helps athletes to process information and improve their performance.

Question 7

The rate at which a retinal image enlarges is directly related to the speed of an object's approach and indicative of:&#10;A) Time to contact&#10;B) Fixation&#10;C) Eye dominance&#10;D) Optic imagery

Accepted Answer

The rate at which a retinal image enlarges is directly related to the speed of an object's approach and can be used to estimate the time to contact or the amount of time before the object will make contact with the observer, allowing for appropriate action or reaction. Fixation, eye dominance, and optic imagery are not related to the rate of retinal image enlargement.

Question 8

Instructions that induce an internal attentional focus&#10;A) Direct the learner to focus on the effects of their movements&#10;B) Direct the learner to focus on their own body movements&#10;C) Direct the learner to focus on performance outcome&#10;D) Have been shown to be superior to instructions that induce an external attentional focus

Accepted Answer

Instructions that induce an internal attentional focus direct the learner to concentrate on their own body movements, rather than on the effects of those movements or the outcome of the performance. Contrary to choice D, research often shows that an external focus (focusing on the effects of movements in the environment) is generally more effective than an internal focus for performance and learning.

Question 9

The narrowing of attentional focus when arousal levels are higher than optimal is known as:&#10;A) Inverted U principle&#10;B) Hick's Law&#10;C) Perceptual narrowing&#10;D) Narrow internal focus

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the question is known as perceptual narrowing, where an individual's attentional focus narrows to the most relevant information when arousal levels are high. This is particularly important in situations where quick reactions are needed, such as in sports or military operations. The inverted U principle and Hick's Law relate to other aspects of performance, and narrow internal focus is not a recognized term in this context.

Question 10

Which of the following influence the optimal level of arousal?&#10;A) Task characteristics&#10;B) Learner characteristics&#10;C) Selective attention&#10;D) A & B only

Accepted Answer

The optimal level of arousal is influenced by both task characteristics (such as difficulty level) and learner characteristics (such as personality and prior experience). Selective attention can also be a factor in arousal levels, but it is not listed as a separate option in this question. Therefore, options A and B are both correct, and the correct answer is D.

Question 11

What captures the relationship between arousal and performance?&#10;A) The inverted U hypothesis&#10;B) The cue utilization hypothesis&#10;C) Hick's Law&#10;D) Perceptual narrowing

Accepted Answer

The answer of What captures the relationship between arousal and...

Question 12

An emotion resulting from an individual's perception of a situation as threatening is known as:&#10;A) Arousal&#10;B) Anxiety&#10;C) Anticipation&#10;D) Amplitude

Accepted Answer

The answer of An emotion resulting from an individual's perception...

Question 13

Which of the following is the attentional focus used when strategic analysis is required?&#10;A) Broad-external&#10;B) Broad-internal&#10;C) Narrow-external&#10;D) Narrow-internal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the attentional...

Question 14

Which of the following is the attentional style used to mentally rehearse an impeding action?&#10;A) Broad-external&#10;B) Broad-internal&#10;C) Narrow-external&#10;D) Narrow-internal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the attentional...

Question 15

Which of the following is the attentional style used by a bicycle courier maneuvering through New York City traffic?&#10;A) Broad-external&#10;B) Broad-internal&#10;C) Narrow-external&#10;D) Narrow-internal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the attentional...

Question 16

Reactive agility&#10;A) is associated with closed skills&#10;B) is associated with open skills&#10;C) involves decision making&#10;D) B and C are true

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reactive agility&#10;A) is associated with closed skills&#10;B)...

Question 17

When designing training activities to enhance perceptual-cognitive skills&#10;A) there should be a high level of similarity between training and real-life performance&#10;B) learners attention should be directed to information-rich areas where critical cues occur&#10;C) the constraints that are presented for the performer to act upon must replicate those that occur in the performance environment&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of When designing training activities to enhance perceptual-cognitive...

Deck 3: The Role of Attention, Arousal, and Visual Search in Movement Preparation