Deck 3: Physical Aspects of Aging: Changes in Our Bodies

Question 1

In this chapter's Senior View, Clifford and Lucia Pauling told us that physical changes

A) are slow
B) cannot be avoided
C) do not interfere with life
D) can be overcome

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In this chapter's Senior View, Lori Fincher told us that physical changes are

A) inevitable
B) a threat to your independence
C) painful
D) a way to gain help from others

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Many physical systems, tissues, and cells become more susceptible to injury and disease with advanced age. This increased susceptibility is known as

A) biological aging
B) senility
C) geriatrics
D) senescence

Answer 3

D

Question 4

With respect to physical changes with advanced age, most individuals

A) show some changes but not others
B) show all changes
C) show no changes; only a few actually change at all
D) show all changes although a few show none at all

Question 5

Which of the following external changes might be regarded as senescent?

A) graying of the hair
B) thinning of the skin
C) age or liver spots
D) wrinkling of the skin

Question 6

Wrinkling of the skin as one grows older seems to be due to

A) the increased worry that older adults experience
B) less flexible connective tissue under the skin
C) too much frowning while young
D) all of the above

Question 7

Balding

A) is largely genetic
B) affects men and women
C) increases with advanced age
D) all of the above

Question 8

Which of the following changes is more likely to be a cohort rather than age difference?

A) baldness
B) weight gain and loss
C) increases in size of heart
D) loss of muscle fiber

Question 9

Loss of muscle strength with age has recently been found to predict later

A) loss of bone density
B) personality change
C) cognitive decline
D) arthritis

Question 10

Most of the bone loss associated with old age can be attributed to

A) genetics
B) life style factors
C) hormones
D) cohort effects

Question 11

The disorder in which bones become very fragile and which occurs most frequently in older Asian and white women is known as

A) osteoporosis
B) osteoblastosis
C) osteoclastosis
D) osteosis

Question 12

Cells which are very active during childhood and which build new bone from calcium are called

A) osteoblasts
B) osteoclasts
C) calcioblasts
D) calcioclasts

Question 13

Which of the following increases with advanced age?

A) bone density
B) shoe size
C) size of nose and ears
D) nothing increases with advanced age

Question 14

Loss of bone density has been found to be strongly associated with all of the following except

A) kidney dysfunction
B) insomnia
C) smoking
D) lack of exercise

Question 15

The weakest component of the older cardiovascular system is usually the

A) heart
B) blood itself
C) blood vessels
D) all become weak with advanced age

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the usual reasons for a deficit in respiration with advanced age?

A) weakening of muscles that control respiration
B) stiffening of air sacs in the lungs
C) blockage of air passages in the nose and throat
D) continued expansion of air ducts in the lungs

Question 17

Older adults are more likely to lose teeth than younger adults because

A) of bone loss in the jaw
B) they do not practice good oral hygiene
C) of their great fondness for sweets
D) they do not visit the dentist very often

Question 18

An older adult whose stomach lining has atrophied will have difficulty digesting

A) food
B) certain vitamins
C) all minerals
D) all of the above

Question 19

Under stressful conditions such as extreme heat, the _____ of older adults may not function fully.

A) kidneys
B) liver
C) thymus
D) fast twitch muscles

Question 20

Men and women are very different in the aging of their _____ systems.

A) respiratory
B) immune
C) nervous
D) reproductive

Question 21

Older adults are frequently advised to increase the amount of ____ that they use.

A) calcium
B) Vitamin B₁₂
C) skin lotion
D) all of the above

Question 22

The changes that occur in the immune system for older adults seem to be due to
The

A) shrinkage of the thymus gland
B) increase in autoimmune diseases
C) loss of T and B cells
D) loss of natural killer cells

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease?

A) osteoporosis
B) hypertension
C) rheumatoid arthritis
D) varicose veins

Question 24

An exercise that appears to boost the functioning of the immune system is

A) Tai chi
B) aerobic, especially swimming
C) weight lifting
D) brisk walking

Question 25

Loss of neurons in the brain with advanced age is more likely in which of the following brain areas?

A) olfactory lobe
B) frontal lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) loss of neurons is evenly distributed throughout the brain\

Question 26

The most frequent chronic condition for older adults is

A) hypertension
B) arthritis
C) diabetes
D) varicose veins

Question 27

Findings that show good health to be associated with positive attitude offer support for ____ views of development.

A) hereditary
B) continuous
C) organismic
D) mechanistic

Question 28

Older adults may experience more frequent awakening during the night due to

A) apnea
B) a need to urinate
C) periodic limb movement disorder
D) any or all of the above

Question 29

Which of the following stages of sleep declines with advanced age?

A) REM sleep
B) deep sleep
C) all stages decline
D) none of the stages decline

Question 30

When sleep is disturbed because of an advance in circadian rhythm, an effective treatment is to

A) be in bright light during the later parts of the day
B) be in bright light during the early morning
C) avoid bright light
D) keep the lights on all night

Question 31

Which of the following is most likely to lessen the quality of sleep?

A) taking sleeping pills
B) sleep deprivation
C) reading in bed
D) sleeping with a light on

Question 32

Comparisons of older good sleepers who sleep more than 8 hours a night to those who sleep less than 6 has found that those who sleep longer

A) have lower anxiety levels
B) restore normal REM sleep
C) eat breakfast later in the morning
D) all of the above

Question 33

A difference between the dreams of young and old adults is that young dreamers report

A) fewer dream themes
B) less visual imagery
C) more anger and fear
D) longer dreams narratives

Question 34

Discuss the normal age-related changes in the elimination system (i.e., kidney, bladder, colon). How do these changes impact daily life?

Question 35

Describe three age-related physical changes that are senescent and three that are not. Explain why these changes are or are not senescent.

Question 36

Describe two connections between different body systems that influence functioning and the influence of one organismic factor.

Question 37

Your grandmother tells you that she never gets a good night's rest. What would you tell her about age-related changes in sleep and what possible solutions would you suggest?