Deck 4: Personal Health and Well-Being

Question 1

Austad (2009) defines biological aging as

A) gradual and progressive decay in mental function.
B) gradual and progressive decay in physical function.
C) sudden decay in physical and mental function.
D) sudden decay in physical function.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Biologists distinguish between two cause of aging: ________ aging due to normal physical functions and ________ aging due to environment.

A) intrinsic; extrinsic
B) time; intrinsic
C) extrinsic; intrinsic
D) time; progressive

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is not an outcome of intrinsic aging?

A) Aging is universal.
B) Aging is beneficial.
C) Aging is basic.
D) Aging is progressive.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The normal functional decline that takes place in the human body over time is called

A) depression.
B) mortality.
C) senescence.
D) immortality.

Question 5

The effects of senescence differ from person to person, but in general, ________ declines with age.

A) eyesight
B) hearing
C) memory
D) skin elasticity

Question 6

All of the body's systems decline with age, but each system declines

A) at a different rate.
B) simultaneously.
C) gradually.
D) very rapidly.

Question 7

Muscle and bone content ________ with age.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) remain stable
D) increase then decrease

Question 8

Older women have a higher risk of bone fracture than older men because

A) older women exercise less.
B) older men are less active than older women.
C) older women consume less calcium than older men.
D) osteoporosis, which affects more women, lowers bone density.

Question 9

Current research suggest that ________ can reduce osteoporosis in older women.

A) free radicals
B) education
C) exercise
D) sleep

Question 10

All five senses ________ with age.

A) decrease
B) increase
C) remain stable
D) decrease for some things earlier than for others

Question 11

Changes in ________ and ________ have the greatest effect in a person's ability to function in later life.

A) sight; hearing
B) sight; touch
C) hearing; touch
D) smell; hearing

Question 12

Research shows that a decline in vision begins as early as age ________ for most people.

A) 65
B) 30
C) 80
D) 55

Question 13

Three decreases account for most visual impairment in later life. Which decrease does not?

A) cataracts
B) glaucoma
C) retinal degeneration
D) hypertension

Question 14

A person loses some hearing each year after age

A) 85.
B) 65.
C) 50.
D) 40.

Question 15

By age 60, about __% of people suffer from some hearing loss.

A) 90
B) 50
C) 30
D) 10

Question 16

Scialfa and Fernie (2006) report that the ________ offers social support to people with hearing loss.

A) government
B) educational system
C) Internet
D) Institute on Aging

Question 17

Studies show that the incidence of acute illness ________ with age and incidence of chronic illness ________ with age.

A) increases; decreases
B) increases; increases
C) decreases; decreases
D) decreases; increases

Question 18

Nearly every major chronic disease, except certain cancers, ________ with age.

A) increase in frequency and severity
B) decreases in frequency and severity
C) decreases in frequency and increases in severity
D) increases in frequency and decreases in severity

Question 19

People in societies that have undergone the epidemiological transition live longer, but may have ________ in later life.

A) less illness
B) chronic conditions
C) more life-threatening illnesses
D) better health

Question 20

________ lead to disability and activity limitations in older people.

A) Chronic conditions
B) Acute conditions
C) Habits like smoking and drinking
D) Memory loss

Question 21

ADL and IADL problems increase with

A) educational level.
B) social status.
C) age.
D) solitude.

Question 22

The CDC (2009) reports that about ________ of people age 65 and over report some limitations in IADLs.

A) 1/8
B) 1/5
C) 1/4
D) 1/3

Question 23

Women, at every age compared to men, report a higher proportion of ________ limitations.

A) ADL
B) IADL
C) ADL and IADL
D) physical

Question 24

The National Long Term Care Survey reports that between 1982 and 2005, the oldest age groups

A) lead healthier lives today than in the past.
B) are less educated than in the past.
C) live an unhealthy lifestyle today.
D) showed the fastest rate of decline in disability over all other groups.

Question 25

Which of the following cannot reduce the need for health service and lead to good health?

A) health promotion
B) disease prevention
C) effective management of disability
D) increased Social Security benefits

Question 26

Which location is most likely to be a site where an older person is injured?

A) the kitchen
B) the tub or shower
C) the garage
D) the garden

Question 27

Improvements in ________ could lead to better functioning in later life.

A) activities
B) medical response units
C) service animal access
D) technology, lifestyle, self-care, and the environment

Question 28

New devices and new medical therapies are examples of improvements in ________ that can help older people cope with disabilities.

A) technology
B) environment
C) self-care
D) lifestyle

Question 29

Assistive technology devices can enhance independent living for people with ADL limitations. Which of the following is not an example of an assistive technology device?

A) mobile phone
B) computers
C) motorized scooter
D) relaxation techniques

Question 30

Improved lighting, redundant cueing, and monitoring technologies are examples of changes in ________ that can improve the quality of life for older people.

A) education
B) living environment
C) technology
D) self-care

Question 31

Decreased smoking, better nutrition, increased exercise, and stress reduction are examples of improvements in

A) environment.
B) self-care.
C) technology.
D) lifestyle.

Question 32

Health promotion and health maintenance methods are ways in which older people can enhance

A) their environment.
B) self-care.
C) their lifestyle.
D) their disabilities.

Question 33

________ refers to exercise, diet, stress release, rest, and medical checkups.

A) Technology
B) Self-care
C) Lifestyle
D) Successful aging

Question 34

According to Robert Kane, ________ is the biggest threat to improving our lifestyles.

A) fast food
B) technology
C) low socioeconomic status
D) smoking

Question 35

Williamson and Pahor (2010) say that ________ may be the most effective prescription for promoting successful aging.

A) diet
B) medical treatment
C) the environment
D) physical activity

Question 36

Disease prevention, health promotions, and stress management should play a role in planning for

A) compression of morbidity.
B) improvements in the environment.
C) successful aging.
D) emerging technologies.

Question 37

Fries predicts that in the future, death will come for most people around age 85 after a short illness. This will create

A) a compression of morbidity.
B) an extension of morbidity.
C) a greater need for medical care and services.
D) more years of disability.

Question 38

Successful aging refers to people who ________ in physiological functions.

A) experience some loss
B) experience a great deal of loss
C) demonstrate little or no loss
D) have a variety of limitations

Question 39

According to the National Center for Health Statistics (2010), about __% of people over age 65 report their health as excellent.

A) 75
B) 50
C) 25
D) 10

Question 40

According to Rowe and Kahn (1998), ________ is the ability to 1) maintain a low risk of disease, 2) maintain high levels of mental and physical functions, and 3) actively engage in life.

A) successful aging
B) true aging
C) morbidity compassion
D) SOC

Question 41

The study of successful aging shows that

A) people can develop strategies to cope with loss of function.
B) people can live longer in declining health.
C) people cannot avoid decline in old age.
D) changes in diet, exercise, and lifestyle do not affect later life.

Question 42

Successful aging based on the SOC model encourages people, at whatever age or physical condition, to

A) live in assisted living.
B) optimize their abilities and compensate for losses.
C) feel happy and fulfilled.
D) blame disabled or ill people for their problems.

Question 43

Researcher George Vaillant (2002) found ________ predictors of healthy aging.

A) 20
B) 10
C) 7
D) 3

Question 44

Schneider and Myles (2003) say that, for adults, ________ accounts for a full 70% of how well a person ages.

A) gender
B) behavior and lifestyle
C) socioeconomic status
D) education

Question 45

Binstock and George (2006) trace the interest in anti-aging medicine and science to ________ social conditions.

A) 10
B) 7
C) 5
D) 2

Question 46

One social condition that contributes to the interest in anti-aging science and medicine is

A) Baby Boomers value old age.
B) a trend to view aging as normal.
C) physical inactivity.
D) new scientific findings that may slow or reverse the aging process.

Question 47

According to Ferraro (2006), research on the early origins of disease takes a(n)

A) life course approach.
B) conflict theory perspective.
C) political economy approach.
D) interpretive perspective.

Question 48

Differences in ________ may mean that some older people will suffer the effects of early health disadvantage.

A) gender
B) educational level
C) socioeconomic status
D) political affiliation

Question 49

Compared to the white population, lower SES individuals in the United States face several additional challenges in old age, including

A) environmental stressors.
B) weaker social networks.
C) higher levels of reserve capacity.
D) lower stress.

Question 50

Health literacy is defined as

A) being able to read later in life without physical or cognitive impairments.
B) institutional approaches to helping the public avoid health troubles.
C) an individual's ability to obtain, process, and make decisions about health information.
D) the ability of older people to use political activism to promote their interests.

Question 51

The future goals of gerontology suggest that

A) people can live longer.
B) the possibility of human life extension is real and interventions that postpone human aging are possible.
C) people can extend their life span but cannot stop the aging process at all.
D) the human life span is finite and unchangeable.