Deck 13: Social Support

Question 1

Advice, affection, companionship, helping older family members with transportation, and nursing care are examples of

A) family-obligated roles.
B) socially determined caregiving behavior.
C) compulsory support.
D) informal support.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Families continue to provide ________ of the informal support received by older adults.

A) none
B) all
C) most
D) little

Answer 2

C

Question 3

________ refers to unpaid help who take on the responsibility for caring for another person.

A) Informal support
B) The primary caregiver
C) Formal support
D) Respite provider

Answer 3

A

Question 4

________ refers to paid help from professionals such as doctors, nurses, and social workers.

A) Informal support
B) Formal support
C) Caregiver
D) Weak ties

Question 5

The task specificity model says that

A) older people are capable of limited tasks specified by their age, health, and income.
B) different groups (spouse, child, neighbor) have a specific role to play in the older person's support system.
C) doctors, nurses, and social workers have specific roles to play in an older person's support system.
D) as tasks become too difficult for family caregivers, the support for an older person begins to get handed over to professionals and social agencies.

Question 6

The ________ model states that an older person's supporters come first from their inner family circle and moves outward to get support from less intimate people as they need more help.

A) task specificity
B) concentric compensatory
C) informal support
D) hierarchical compensatory

Question 7

Studies show that ________ most often served as primary caregivers.

A) children
B) spouses
C) doctors
D) social workers

Question 8

The more impaired the family caregiver, the greater the risk of

A) loneliness.
B) suicide.
C) caregiver burden.
D) spousal abuse.

Question 9

People age 75 and over, compared to spouses age 55-64, spend ________ as many hours on spousal care.

A) twice
B) three times
C) four times
D) five times

Question 10

Which of the following is not a dimension of caregiver burden?

A) developmental burden
B) social burden
C) financial burden
D) emotional burden

Question 11

Spousal care ________ with a person's age, but care from a child to their relatives ________ with age.

A) declines; declines
B) increases; increases
C) declines; increases
D) increases; declines

Question 12

The amount of care needed, the caregiver's ability, and the formal supports available all influence a family's decision to

A) move a relative to a long-term care institution.
B) place a relative in the hospital.
C) monitor a parent.
D) obtain support from health care professionals.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of adult children as caregivers?

A) They serve as primary caregivers, most often displacing a parent's spouse.
B) They provide secondary care that acts as backup and gives respite to spousal caregivers.
C) They provide tertiary care after the spousal caregiver and formal caregivers such as doctors and nurses.
D) Frequent moves and the fast pace of modern life means adult children rarely serve as any form of caregiver.

Question 14

Older parents may deemphasize the support their children give in order not to see themselves as a burden. Bengtson and Kuypers (1971) refer to this as

A) developmental stake.
B) caregiver burden.
C) functional specificity.
D) compensation.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of siblings as caregivers?

A) Siblings more often socialize with each other than provide health care support.
B) Siblings, along with adult children, serve as the primary source of routine support.
C) Most siblings report they are not in a physical or financial position to provide caregiving to a relative.
D) Siblings are tertiary caregivers, providing support to spouses and adult children during times of emergencies.

Question 16

Childless older people, compared to people with children, set up more supportive ties with their

A) siblings.
B) doctors.
C) neighbors.
D) friends.

Question 17

Studies of neighbors as caregivers show that

A) they are unreliable and untrained to offer effective care.
B) they are the last resource an older person will turn to before institutionalization.
C) older people without children often rely on friends and neighbors for support.
D) an older person with a network of neighbor caregivers can often replace the need to go into a nursing home.

Question 18

For older people, a full and satisfying support network typically includes

A) children.
B) spouses.
C) doctors.
D) a variety of relationships.

Question 19

In addition to family support, older African Americans also rely on ________ for support.

A) the welfare system
B) voluntary caregivers
C) charity organizations
D) the church

Question 20

Hispanic families, like African Americans, show

A) a detachment from the older members of the family, often leaving the older person isolated and lonely.
B) greater expectations from sick older family members than they can give.
C) a strong interdependence of older and younger family members.
D) support for older members, but the older members regard formal services as their major source of support.

Question 21

Which of the following statements best describes male/female caregiving patterns?

A) Women form empathic relations and respond to the needs of others, while men tend to get less involved in their parent's emotional needs.
B) Socialization teaches women how to properly conduct caregiving while men are untrained for the role.
C) Women form realistic limits on their own expectations, while men set unrealistic expectations for themselves and others.
D) Women form pragmatic relations with their parents while men establish untenable caregiving relations.

Question 22

Harris reports that sons make up __% of primary caregivers to elderly parents and husbands make up __%.

A) 10; 50
B) 50; 10
C) 2; 52
D) 10; 12

Question 23

Studies find that male caregivers set limits on personal care ________ female caregivers.

A) more often than
B) as often as
C) less often than
D) None of the above, because the difference between male and female caregivers has not been studied.

Question 24

Male caregivers favor ________ help, while women more often give ________ help.

A) personal; managerial
B) managerial; personal
C) managerial; administrative
D) emotional; managerial

Question 25

Gerontologists call the stress due to caregiving

A) caregiver stress disorder.
B) caregiver fatigue syndrome.
C) caregiver strain.
D) caregiver burden.

Question 26

Research shows that wives, daughters, and other female family members give most of the ________ to older family members.

A) informal support
B) formal support
C) financial support
D) social supports

Question 27

Which of the following is not a characteristic of successful caregiving?

A) a desire to give care
B) the development of new skills and abilities to provide care
C) caregivers who do not protect their own well-being
D) the ability to provide good care

Question 28

Researchers have proposed ways to ease caregiver burden. These include all except

A) family counseling.
B) support groups.
C) restricted social contacts outside the home.
D) respite services.

Question 29

The process of caring for an older person is known as

A) eldercare.
B) seniorcare.
C) personal care.
D) extended care.

Question 30

Brody says that the needs of the old for care have far exceeded the capacity of the family to fulfill. Which of the following is not a cause that supports Brody's claim?

A) Families have a bean-pole or vertical structure.
B) Modern society fragmented the family and scattered potential sources of informal support.
C) People age 85 and over require support from children who often need care themselves.
D) Kin networks have become top-heavy with an average couple having more parents than children.

Question 31

Caregiving demands today peak in

A) old age.
B) retirement.
C) middle age.
D) later middle age.

Question 32

Changes in family structure in the future will ________ the amount of informal support available and ________ the need for formal supports.

A) decrease; increase
B) decrease; decrease
C) increase; decrease
D) increase; increase

Question 33

In an AARP study (Dinger, 2007), __% of the companies surveyed said that caregiving had an effect on worker performance.

A) 10
B) 52
C) 56
D) 64

Question 34

Older people have a role to play in the structure of the family. Many older people keep in touch with family members and form a hub of family connections. They are called

A) caregivers.
B) kinkeepers.
C) networkers.
D) bonders.

Question 35

Some companies offer services for caregivers. These include low-cost options like flex time, seminars on eldercare, and more information about services. These programs

A) are too simple to deal with the complex issue of eldercare.
B) sometimes help but companies can and should do far more to alleviate caregiver stress.
C) help lower stress and lead to more job satisfaction.
D) benefit only caregivers who look after relatives with physical injuries, but tend to fail those with cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

Question 36

Researchers found that ________ should play the central part in social and health care support for older people.

A) spouses
B) children
C) formal supports
D) family members

Question 37

Quinn and Tomita (1997) describe five of the most common causes of elder abuse. These include all but

A) the dependencies of the older person.
B) caregiver stress.
C) impairment of the abuser.
D) learned violence in the family.

Question 38

Researchers describe five of the most common causes of elder abuse. Which of the following is not a common cause?

A) the independency of the older person
B) caregiver stress
C) learned violence in the family
D) impairment of the abuser by drugs, alcohol, mental retardation, etc.

Question 39

What can improve the conditions leading to elder abuse and decrease the rate of abuse?

A) interventions
B) legal action
C) legislation
D) family members

Question 40

Which of the following is not one of Pillemer and Finkelhor's three responses to elder abuse?

A) Responses to abuse need to focus on parental and spousal abuse.
B) Professionals who work with older people need to know more about the prevalence of abuse and potential abusers.
C) There should be stronger laws to deter elder abuse and punish abusers.
D) Older people need to know more about spouse abuse.

Question 41

Studies show that the type of elder abuse depends on the physical and mental condition, the environment, and the relationship of the

A) abuser.
B) abused.
C) relatives and friend of the abused.
D) abuser and the abused.

Question 42

Successful strategies such as help from the medical profession, support groups, and safe apartments and shelters can decrease the rate of

A) elder divorce.
B) acute illness.
C) elder abuse.
D) hospitalization.

Question 43

Researchers report that ________ abuse was the most common type of elder abuse.

A) physical
B) psychological
C) sexual
D) verbal

Question 44

Researchers have found that elder abuse

A) only occurs between adult children and their aging parents.
B) occur in multiple environments, including nursing homes.
C) happens to most seniors.
D) cannot be solved with interventions, as most abusers continue their abuse.