Deck 4: Exclusion and Inclusion: Everyday People, 1825-1880s

Question 1

Liberal and Conservative orientations in Latin American politics tended to reflect differences in the social-class origins of their adherents.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Latin American Conservatives defended a strong cultural and even political role for the Catholic Church, whereas Liberals promoted secularism.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Liberal and Conservative economic visions in general?

A) Liberals tended to be more active in seeking foreign investment than Conservatives, who were suspicious of European, especially Protestant, financial and political influence.
B) Conservatives tended to see the traditional large agricultural estates (haciendas) as the foundation of the economic order, whereas Liberals sought to reform and supersede these estates.
C) Conservatives hoped that education would help integrate the poor, indigenous, Afro-descendant, and/or mixed-race classes into a modern labor force, while Liberals tended to ignore these groups as being hopelessly backward.
D) Liberals looked to French and British economic models, while Conservatives held to models inherited from Spain.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is FALSE about Colombia's Rionegro Constitution?

A) It limited the president's term to just two years, with no consecutive reelection.
B) It was the first Latin American constitution to grant women the right to vote.
C) It allowed vast divergences in the economic fortunes of the different provinces, with little remedy to address them through federal spending or other policies.
D) It mandated unrestricted civil liberties and a progressive criminal-justice system.

Question 5

In Chile

A) Liberals made progress incorporating the indigenous Mapuche as citizens of the new nation-state.
B) A new generation of Conservatives reinterpreted the constitution and cracked down on religious diversity.
C) Civil war between Liberals and Conservatives saw the southern provinces secede and join Argentina.
D) The economy prospered through silver and copper mining and wheat production.

Question 6

All of the following are true of Brazil during the reign of Pedro II EXCEPT

A) Pedro's personal interest in the arts and sciences and in new technologies led to considerable investment in public education.
B) Freedom of speech and other civil rights were guaranteed.
C) All free men (regardless of race) were recognized as citizens.
D) Rapid advances in Brazil's railway, telegraph, and telephone infrastructure occurred.

Question 7

Across Latin America, coffee cultivation proved compatible with a variety of labor and land-tenure systems, from small farms and wage labor to large estates worked by enslaved or bonded labor.

Question 8

By the end of the guano boom in Peru around 1875, the Peruvian government had achieved a sound financial position, but at the cost of irreversible environmental damage.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) In the decades after independence, nearly all Latin Americans identified themselves as Catholics.
B) Church ceremonies and rituals around key life events - baptism, marriage, death - gave people a strong sense of Catholic belonging even if they were not otherwise especially devout.
C) For most citizens, national identity and allegiance tended to be stronger than Catholic identity in the early years after independence.
D) Both Liberal and Conservative elites tended to buy expropriated Church property at auctions, making Conservatives reluctant to reverse Liberal expropriation laws.

Question 10

Liberals' secularizing and anticlerical policies tended to grow more extreme over the course of the nineteenth century.

Question 11

While restricted in many customary ways, married women in Latin America actually had greater legal and property rights than their US and British counterparts did under those countries' coverture laws.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about William Walker and Nicaragua is FALSE?

A) Walker was invited to intervene in Nicaraguan politics by the country's Liberal Party.
B) As President of Nicaragua, Walker re-imposed slavery and declared English the official language.
C) The California Gold Rush had intensified US and other international interest in Nicaragua.
D) The administration of US President Franklin Pierce disavowed Walker's activities and refused to recognize his government.

Question 13

British economic influence was predominant in nineteenth-century Latin America, but French intellectual and cultural influence was often held in high esteem.

Question 14

The short reign of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico was the last real attempt at monarchy in Spanish America.

Question 15

The War of the Triple Alliance

A) Pitted Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay against Paraguay.
B) Pitted Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay against Uruguay.
C) Pitted Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay against Brazil.
D) Pitted Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil against Argentina.