Question 1

Which of the following was NOT a global trend in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century?&#10;A) The spread of new communication and transportation technologies.&#10;B) The expansion of North Atlantic (US and northwest European) influence.&#10;C) Greater economic equality.&#10;D) European immigration to North and South America.

Accepted Answer

Greater economic equality was not a global trend during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In fact, income inequality actually increased during this time period due to the rise of industrialization and capitalism. The other options - the spread of new communication and transportation technologies, the expansion of North Atlantic influence, and European immigration to North and South America - were all global trends during this period.

Question 2

Positivism was&#10;A) An ideology that arose from a long tradition of Latin American conservative political thought.&#10;B) A body of French political and social theory.&#10;C) A new doctrine propagated by the Catholic Church hierarchy in Rome trying to reconcile the faith to modern social changes.&#10;D) An influential liberal economic theory originating in Britain.

Accepted Answer

Positivism was a body of French political and social theory developed by Auguste Comte in the 19th century, emphasizing the use of scientific methods to study society and improve social conditions.

Question 3

For positivists, order came before progress - that is, social order was believed to be a necessary precondition for (rather than an expected outcome of) material and social progress.

Accepted Answer

Positivists believed that establishing social order was necessary before progress could be made in society. They believed that progress was not a guaranteed outcome, but rather a result of a stable and orderly society.

Question 4

Argentine liberals' accomplishments (as they saw them) in the latter half of the nineteenth century included all of the following EXCEPT&#10;A) Establishing government control over the frontier province of Patagonia.&#10;B) Building Latin America's best public education system.&#10;C) Ousting the caudillo Juan Manuel Rosas from power.&#10;D) Attracting British capital to build railroads into the interior.

Accepted Answer

Juan Manuel de Rosas was ousted from power in 1852, which is in the first half of the 19th century, not the latter half. The other options (A, B, D) are accomplishments that align with the activities and achievements of Argentine liberals in the latter half of the 19th century.

Question 5

Porfirio D&#237;az implemented policies from both the Liberal and Conservative traditions in Mexico.

Accepted Answer

Porfirio Díaz implemented policies that were influenced by both the Liberal and Conservative traditions in Mexico. He embraced the liberal ideas of modernization, industrialization, and free trade while also implementing conservative policies such as a centralization of power, strong national government, and limited individual freedoms.

Question 6

For positivist nation-builders, the expected benefits of professionalizing the military included all of the following EXCEPT&#10;A) Preventing coups and armed rebellions against elected governments.&#10;B) Breaking the power of regional caudillos.&#10;C) Creating a better-educated, more patriotic citizenry.&#10;D) Reducing foreign influence in their national institutions.

Accepted Answer

Positivist nation-builders focused on professionalizing the military to prevent internal threats like coups and to break the power of regional leaders (caudillos), as well as to foster a sense of national unity and patriotism. Reducing foreign influence was not a primary concern in this context.

Question 7

The history of railroads in Mexico is strong evidence of how Porfirio D&#237;az subordinated Mexico's economy to US capitalists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The history of railroads in Mexico is...

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Argentina's export-agricultural boom in the last quarter of the nineteenth century?&#10;A) It was made possible by innovation in refrigeration technology.&#10;B) Argentine landowners had to choose between specializing in cattle or wheat&#10;C) Argentina's export boom transformed the English countryside and English cities.&#10;D) The boom led to the enclosure of formerly open Argentine grassland.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT TRUE...

Question 9

The development of the banana industry in Central America required all of the following EXCEPT&#10;A) The development of modern shipping methods.&#10;B) The adoption of modern marketing techniques.&#10;C) The displacement of large numbers of indigenous people from their lands.&#10;D) The capital and expertise of modern, vertically-integrated multinational corporations.

Accepted Answer

The development of the banana industry in Central America required modern shipping methods (A) to transport the fragile fruit, modern marketing techniques (B) to sell it to consumers, and the capital and expertise of modern, vertically-integrated multinational corporations (D) to invest in large-scale production and distribution. Unfortunately, the development of the industry also resulted in the displacement of large numbers of indigenous people from their lands (C).

Question 10

The Ch&#225; Viaduct in S&#227;o Paulo, Brazil, exemplifies all of the following general trends in Latin America EXCEPT&#10;A) The social deference the middle and working classes continued to show to the rich.&#10;B) The influence of foreign capital and technologies.&#10;C) The growth and development of booming urban centers linked to the export trade.&#10;D) The declining political influence of the traditional landowning elite.

Accepted Answer

The Chá Viaduct in São Paulo, Brazil, is more indicative of the influence of foreign capital and technologies, the growth of urban centers linked to export trade, and changes in the political influence of traditional elites rather than reflecting social deference from the middle and working classes to the rich.

Question 11

All of the following were obstacles to railroad construction in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia EXCEPT&#10;A) A relative lack of capital available for investment.&#10;B) The reluctance of indigenous workers to labor on railroad projects.&#10;C) Geographical obstacles.&#10;D) Worsening political instability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following were obstacles to...

Question 12

The adoption of refrigerated meat-packing and shipping changed both the character of and the primary markets for Argentine and Uruguayan beef exports.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The adoption of refrigerated meat-packing and shipping...

Question 13

Which immigrant group did not establish an important community in the given destination country or region?&#10;A) Germans: Chile.&#10;B) Chinese: Brazil.&#10;C) Jamaicans: Central America.&#10;D) Italians: Uruguay.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which immigrant group did not establish an...

Question 14

While people of African descent were given new economic opportunities in the banana zones of Central America, Brazilians of African descent in the S&#227;o Paulo region were denied access to work, credit, and educational opportunities that were available to Japanese immigrants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While people of African descent were given...

Question 15

Elite women's growing roles in philanthropy and charity demonstrates one consequence of the Liberals' weakening of the Catholic Church.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elite women's growing roles in philanthropy and...

Deck 6: Worlds Connecting: Latin America in an Imperial Age