Deck 4: Industrialization and Families

Question 1

"An economic system in which production and distribution are controlled by private individuals or groups and guided by the profit motive" is

A) Communism.
B) Socialism.
C) A command economy.
D) Capitalism
E) Syndicalism

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which country was the leader in the early industrial revolution?

A) The United States.
B) Japan.
C) England.
D) Babylonia
E) Germany

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The most significant development in Phase 1 of the industrial revolution was

A) Invention of the first true steam engine.
B) Development of the telegraph.
C) Invention of the wheel.
D) Expansion of railroads.
E) Signing the Declaration of Independence.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

It is true about the industrial labor force that

A) Women and children worked in the earliest factories.
B) By the early 20^th century, the industrial labor force had become highly sex-segregated.
C) There was a significant increase of women into the paid labor force during World War II.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 5

According to Max Weber, what impact did the Protestant Reformation have?

A) It discouraged individuality.
B) It taught that work was punishment for sin.
C) It was compatible with the development of capitalism.
D) It encouraged superstition and fatalism.
E) All of the above.

Question 6

"The process by which religious control over social institutions and individual behavior declines" is

A) Institutional differentiation.
B) Secularization.
C) Sacralization.
D) Blasphemy.
E) Urbanization.

Question 7

Urbanization occurred in the United States because

A) Farming got more efficient and needed less labor.
B) Most new jobs were in factories or other city locations.
C) Congress passed laws requiring it.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (a) and (b) above.

Question 8

It is true about life expectancy in the United States that

A) In the 20^th century, life expectancy increased for Whites but not for Blacks.
B) In the 20^th century, life expectancy increased for men but not for women.
C) In the 20^th century, life expectancy increased for men and women, Blacks and Whites.
D) Black women now have a longer life expectancy than do White men.
E) Both (c) and (d) above.

Question 9

A stem family

A) Was not compatible with primogeniture.
B) Was composed of the parents plus only one adult child, who might marry and have children.
C) Departed from the main trunk of the family tree.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (a) and (b) above.

Question 10

Which of the following was NOT, according to Goode, an important influence of industrialization?

A) Industrial economies require geographic mobility.
B) Industrialization produces, and requires, social mobility.
C) Industrialization is associated with ascribed occupational status.
D) Industrialization increases specialization and functional differentiation.

Question 11

According to Goode, industrialization was associated with movement to the conjugal family form. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of that family form?

A) Family became more nuclear and less extended.
B) Kinship more bilateral.
C) Mate selection based on choice.
D) Economic exchanges at marriage increase.
E) Families become more egalitarian.

Question 12

The "tender years rule" was a norm specifying that

A) Young children should not work in factories.
B) In divorce, a mother should automatically get custody of minor children unless proven unfit.
C) Divorce would not be allowed if the couple had children younger than 5 years of age.
D) Children younger than 15 would need parental permission to marry.
E) Children should not be spanked until they were at least 3 years old.

Question 13

The "cult of domesticity"

A) Glorified the role of homemaker and mother.
B) Cast the father as the sole breadwinner.
C) Probably reached its peak in the 1950s.
D) Resulted in a "companionate" marriage.
E) All of the above.

Question 14

With respect to the "indifference debate" about treatment of children, it is true that

A) The mistreatment hypothesis probably exaggerates.
B) Overall, the lives of children probably improved during the industrial revolution.
C) Children have always been treated pretty much the same.
D) Both (a) and (b).
E) Both (a) and (c).

Question 15

The Oneida community and the Mormons are similar in that

A) Both originated in the American South.
B) Both demonstrate the importance religion can have on family life.
C) Both are still thriving today.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 16

According to the Oneidan principle of "complex marriage"

A) Romantic love was selfish and overly individualistic.
B) Husbands and wives should be faithful to each other even after death.
C) Monogamy was the only allowable form of marriage.
D) Women should have as many children as possible.
E) Biological parents should take all responsibility for raising their own children.

Question 17

"The study of hereditary improvement of the human species by controlled selective breeding" is

A) Genocide.
B) Euthanasia.
C) Eugenics.
D) Disgenics.
E) Petriazation.

Question 18

Regarding the Mormon practice of polygyny,

A) Nearly all adult Mormon men had multiple wives.
B) A present wife or wives had to give permission before an additional wife could be taken.
C) Brigham Young and other church leaders refused to participate in the practice.
D) Both (a) and (c).
E) Both (b) and (c).

Question 19

The Mormon practice of "celestial marriage"

A) Means that having a good marriage is heaven on earth.
B) Involves "marriage for eternity."
C) Implies that those who marry for time only will have a more respected place in heaven.
D) Has been declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.
E) Delayed statehood for Utah for several years.

Question 20

The examples of the Soviet Union and China were discussed in the text primarily because

A) They are mostly the same as the United States.
B) They are the United States' biggest competitors for world power.
C) They are examples of industrialization that did not occur in a capitalist economic system.
D) Research about them is plentiful and easy to get.
E) They provide family values with which most Americans would agree.

Question 21

In the early years of the Soviet Union, changes in families included

A) Attempts to end traditional patriarchal marriage and families.
B) Rules forcing women to stay home and take care of the children.
C) Making divorce more difficult to get.
D) Attempts to strengthen the Russian Orthodox Church.
E) All of the above.

Question 22

Some of the early changes in the Soviet family were reversed in the 1930s, at least partly because

A) Individual Russians were becoming too wealthy.
B) They decided to make abortion and homosexuality legal again.
C) The divorce rate was too low.
D) Functional equivalents of the family were not implemented.
E) Not enough women were entering the work world.

Question 23

In traditional China, the tsu was

A) The ruling class.
B) The title of the head of the family.
C) The major religion.
D) Similar to the Roman gens or clan.
E) The number of children a couple was allowed to have.

Question 24

Filial piety refers to

A) Devotion and reverence of a son to his father, and to other ancestors.
B) The respect that equal marriage partners should have for each other.
C) Glorification of the gods through remaining pure and unmarried.
D) The male part of the yin-yang unity of opposites
E) Thin bread crust, filled with sweetened fruit, eaten as a dessert.

Question 25

Changes initiated by the Chinese Communist Party included

A) Replacing the tzu with the commune.
B) Initiating "speak bitterness" sessions for women.
C) Abolishment of arranged marriages.
D) Making divorce easier to get.
E) All of the above.

Question 26

The Chinese "one-child policy"

A) Has not been effective in lowering the birthrate.
B) Has apparently resulted in increased female infanticide.
C) Rewards couples who only have one child.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (b) and (c) above.

Question 27

How did the educational institution change during industrialization? Why?

Question 28

How did the religious institution change during industrialization? Why?

Question 29

According to William J. Goode, what effect did industrialization have on the family institution?

Question 30

Why might the conjugal family form, as Goode described it, be incompatible with a hunting-gathering mode of production?

Question 31

Suggest and explain some family-related reasons that the Oneida community died out while the Mormons thrived.

Question 32

In what ways were the effects of industrialization on the family similar in capitalist and non-capitalist societies? In what ways were they different?