Deck 5: Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

What increases the likelihood of reflux esophagitis?

A) Hiatal hernia.
B) Achalasia.
C) Portal hypertension.
D) Diverticula.

Answer 1

Hiatal hernia.

Question 2

Which of the following are digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas?
(1)Trypsin.
(2)Chyme.
(3)Chymotrypsin.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 2

1 and 3 only

Question 3

A pear-shaped organ that lies on the undersurface of the liver is the

A) pancreas
B) spleen
C) gallbladder
D) duodenum

Answer 3

gallbladder

Question 4

What is mastication?

A) Chewing.
B) Swallowing.
C) Solid waste excretion.
D) Rhythmic contractions that move digestive contents through the GI tract.

Question 5

Failure of a satisfactory esophageal lumen to develop separate from the trachea is termed

A) tracheoesophageal fistula
B) achalasia
C) Barrett's esophagus
D) hiatal hernia

Question 6

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A) Produce bile.
B) Store and concentrate bile.
C) Produce trypsin.
D) Break down glycogen.

Question 7

What is the most common cause of acute esophagitis?

A) TE fistula.
B) Gastroesophageal reflux.
C) Infection.
D) Malignancy.

Question 8

Which of the following is a serious complication of TE fistula?

A) Hiatal hernia.
B) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
C) Esophagitis.
D) Aspiration pneumonia.

Question 9

An increase in glucose in the blood stimulates the beta cells in the _____ to secrete _____.

A) pancreas; insulin
B) pancreas; glucagon
C) liver; glycogen
D) liver; insulin

Question 10

Deglutition is defined as

A) rhythmic contractions that move digestive contents through the GI tract
B) chewing
C) liquid waste excretion
D) swallowing

Question 11

What condition is associated with severe reflux esophagitis?

A) Varices.
B) Barrett's esophagus.
C) Traction diverticula.
D) TE fistula.

Question 12

Which of the following is an emulsifier that aids in the breakdown of fats during digestion?

A) Bile.
B) Trypsin.
C) Pepsin.
D) Chyme.

Question 13

Which organisms are most often responsible for infectious esophagitis?

A) Streptococcal bacteria and herpesvirus.
B) Helicobacter pylori bacteria and Candida fungus.
C) Herpesvirus and H. pylori bacteria.
D) Candida fungus and herpesvirus.

Question 14

Smooth muscle contractions that move the contents of the digestive system along the GI tract are called

A) peristalsis
B) deglutition
C) mastication
D) emulsification

Question 15

Where does the process of digestion begin?

A) Stomach.
B) Small intestine.
C) Mouth.
D) Esophagus.

Question 16

What is esophageal atresia?

A) An abnormal communication between the esophagus and the respiratory system.
B) Dilated, tortuous veins of the esophagus.
C) Functional obstruction causing proximal dilatation.
D) Congenital condition in which the esophagus ends in a blind pouch.

Question 17

Acquired tracheoesophageal (TE)fistulas are commonly caused by

A) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
B) Barrett's esophagus
C) malignancy in the mediastinum
D) portal hypertension

Question 18

Where does the greatest amount of digestion occur?

A) Stomach.
B) Duodenum.
C) Jejunum.
D) Colon.

Question 19

What is the largest gland in the body?

A) Pancreas.
B) Thyroid.
C) Adrenals.
D) Liver.

Question 20

The most common type of congenital TE fistula is

A) type I
B) type II
C) type III
D) type IV

Question 21

Which imaging modality is used to stage esophageal carcinoma?

A) Double-contrast barium swallow.
B) CT.
C) Ultrasound.
D) Nuclear medicine.

Question 22

What is the most common abnormality found on upper GI exams?

A) Hiatal hernia.
B) Esophageal varices.
C) Esophageal diverticula.
D) Gastric ulcer.

Question 23

Which type of diverticulum arises in the distal 10 cm of the esophagus?

A) Zenker's.
B) Pulsion.
C) Traction.
D) Epiphrenic.

Question 24

Which of the following is strongly correlated with esophageal carcinoma?
(1)Excessive alcohol intake.
(2)Smoking.
(3)Portal hypertension.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 25

Perforation of the esophagus may be a complication of all of the following except

A) neoplasm
B) instrumentation
C) peptic ulcer
D) hiatal hernia

Question 26

Which imaging procedure is used to detect esophageal carcinoma?

A) CT.
B) NM.
C) US.
D) Double-contrast barium swallow.

Question 27

Refer to the image.What esophageal pathologic condition is demonstrated?
From Eisenberg RL: Gastrointestinal radiology: a pattern approach,Philadelphia,1990,Lippincott.

A) Varices.
B) Hiatal hernia.
C) Barrett's esophagus.
D) Esophageal diverticulum.

Question 28

Which of the following are complications of peptic ulcer disease?
(1)Hemorrhage.
(2)Obstruction.
(3)Perforation.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 29

Which type of diverticulum arises from the posterior wall of the cervical esophagus?

A) Traction.
B) Pulsion.
C) Zenker's.
D) Epiphrenic.

Question 30

Which imaging procedure is used to demonstrate dilated veins in the walls of the esophagus?

A) Upper GI.
B) Barium enema.
C) MRI.
D) Double-contrast barium swallow.

Question 31

Where is the most common location of gastric ulcers?

A) Fundus.
B) Body.
C) Lesser curvature.
D) Greater curvature.

Question 32

What is the most common manifestation of peptic ulcer disease?

A) Gastric ulcer in fundus.
B) Duodenal ulcer.
C) Gastric ulcer on lesser curvature.
D) Esophageal ulcer.

Question 33

Where in the stomach do most gastric cancers occur?

A) Fundus.
B) Cardiac antrum.
C) Body.
D) Distal stomach.

Question 34

Which type of esophageal diverticulum contains all layers of the wall?

A) Traction.
B) Pulsion.
C) Zenker's.
D) Epiphrenic.

Question 35

What is the most common cause of dilated veins in the walls of the esophagus?

A) Abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter.
B) Reflux of abdominal contents into the esophagus.
C) Portal hypertension.
D) Weakness in the vessel wall.

Question 36

Which imaging modality is used to stage gastric carcinoma?

A) Ultrasound.
B) Upper GI series.
C) CT.
D) MRI.

Question 37

Difficulty swallowing is termed

A) deglutition
B) mastication
C) dysphagia
D) aphasia

Question 38

What is the most common cause of acute gastrointestinal bleeding?

A) Peptic ulcer disease.
B) Esophageal varices.
C) Esophageal diverticula.
D) Gastric cancer.

Question 39

Refer to the image.This esophageal pathologic condition is described as resembling beads on a rosary.What pathologic condition is evident in this image?

A) Varices.
B) Hiatal hernia.
C) Esophageal diverticula.
D) Gastric ulcer.

Question 40

Dilated veins in the walls of the esophagus are termed

A) diverticula
B) varices
C) dysphagia
D) achalasia

Question 41

Which of the following is one of the most typical forms of primary colon cancer?

A) Polypoid.
B) Fungating.
C) Ulcerative.
D) Annular.

Question 42

Which of the following is a major cause of bowel obstruction in children?

A) Volvulus.
B) Intussusception.
C) Abdominal surgery.
D) Intraluminal neoplasm.

Question 43

What is one of the most common causes of obstruction in the large bowel?

A) Intussusception.
B) Primary colon cancer.
C) Volvulus.
D) Appendicitis.

Question 44

Which of the following is an ominous complication of ulcerative colitis?

A) Hemorrhage.
B) Toxic megacolon.
C) Obstruction.
D) Perforation.

Question 45

Refer to the image below.This typical saw-tooth configuration demonstrated on a barium enema exam is evidence of

A) ulcerative colitis
B) diverticulosis
C) appendicitis
D) intussusception

Question 46

A common disorder of intestinal motor activity in which fluid and gas do not progress normally through an unobstructed bowel is called

A) regional enteritis
B) adynamic ileus
C) intussusception
D) ischemic colitis

Question 47

Varicose veins of the lower end of the rectum that cause symptoms of pain,itching,and bleeding are

A) volvulus
B) intussusception
C) hemorrhoids
D) Crohn's disease

Question 48

A condition of acquired herniations of mucosa and submucosa through muscular layers at points of weaknesses of the bowel wall is known as

A) diverticulosis
B) ulcerative colitis
C) Crohn's colitis
D) volvulus

Question 49

A twisting of the bowel on itself that may lead to obstruction is termed

A) intussusception
B) colitis
C) appendicitis
D) volvulus

Question 50

What is the current imaging modality of choice for the gallbladder?

A) Nuclear medicine.
B) Ultrasound.
C) Radiography.
D) CT.

Question 51

Which of the following technical adjustments is required when imaging a patient with known obstruction of the large bowel?

A) Increase in kVp.
B) Decrease in kVp.
C) Increase in kVp and double mAs.
D) Decrease in kVp and half mAs.

Question 52

Progressive shortening and rigidity of the colon and absent haustral patterns are radiographic evidence of

A) appendicitis
B) diverticulosis
C) diverticulitis
D) chronic ulcerative colitis

Question 53

A chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause that often affects the terminal ileum is called

A) Crohn's disease
B) malabsorption syndrome
C) diverticulosis
D) gastritis

Question 54

Which imaging modality is the gold standard for appendicitis?

A) Radiography (KUB).
B) Fluoroscopy (barium enema).
C) CT.
D) MRI.

Question 55

Which type of gallstone is most prevalent in the United States?

A) Cholesterol.
B) Pigment.
C) Mixed cholesterol and calcium carbonate.
D) None of these. Gallstones are rare in the United States.

Question 56

Where in the colon do most primary cancers arise?

A) In preexisting polyps.
B) In diverticula.
C) In the perianal area.
D) In the ileocecal valve.

Question 57

What is intussusception?

A) A twisting of the bowel on itself.
B) A type of inflammatory bowel disease of unknown cause, with an associated psychogenic element.
C) Acquired herniation of the mucosa and submucosa of the intestinal wall.
D) The telescoping of one part of the intestinal tract into another.

Question 58

In which age group is appendicitis most common?

A) Infants and toddlers.
B) Children and adolescents.
C) Young adults.
D) Elderly adults.

Question 59

The most common cause of a mechanical small bowel obstruction is

A) lack of peristalsis
B) intussusception
C) fibrous adhesions
D) volvulus

Question 60

Which of the following is associated with prior cardiovascular disease?

A) Diverticulosis.
B) Ulcerative colitis.
C) Ischemic colitis.
D) Irritable bowel syndrome.

Question 61

What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

A) Blockage of pancreatic duct by impacted stone.
B) Diabetes.
C) Excessive alcohol consumption.
D) Cirrhosis.

Question 62

Esophageal carcinoma is often detected early and carries a good prognosis.

Question 63

Gastric cancer is relatively rare in the United States.

Question 64

GERD is a common complication of hiatal hernia.

Question 65

Which of the following is appropriate when imaging a patient with known liver cirrhosis complicated by ascites?

A) Increase in kVp.
B) Decrease in kVp.
C) Increase in kVp and decrease in mAs by half.
D) Double mAs.

Question 66

Hepatocellular carcinoma most commonly occurs in patients with

A) diffuse hepatocellular disease
B) chronic hepatitis
C) porcelain gallbladder
D) portal hypertension

Question 67

Esophageal varices are most commonly caused by a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Question 68

What is the primary cause of acute cholecystitis?

A) Infection of the biliary system.
B) Cirrhosis of the liver.
C) Impacted gallstone in the cystic duct.
D) Peptic ulcer disease.

Question 69

Pyloric stenosis usually results in

A) perforation of the pylorus
B) malabsorption syndrome
C) atrophy of the gastric mucosa
D) obstruction that prevents food from entering the duodenum

Question 70

Esophageal atresia and TE fistula are often associated with other congenital malformations of the skeletal,cardiovascular,and gastrointestinal systems.

Question 71

Which imaging modality is the preferred method for the detection of pyloric stenosis?

A) Ultrasound.
B) MRI.
C) CT.
D) Radiography.

Question 72

What is the modality of choice to image hepatocellular carcinoma?

A) Radiography.
B) CT.
C) MRI.
D) Nuclear medicine.

Question 73

Which imaging modality is the most effective for detection of carcinoma of the pancreas?

A) Ultrasound.
B) Nuclear medicine.
C) MRI.
D) CT.

Question 74

Refer to the image.This disorder is caused by a loss of bowel motility.What disorder is demonstrated in this abdominal radiograph?

A) Mechanical obstruction.
B) Adynamic ileus.
C) Volvulus.
D) Intussusception.

Question 75

Ascites is a common complication of liver cirrhosis.

Question 76

Which of the following is a sign of perforation of the GI tract?

A) Acute pancreatitis.
B) Pneumoperitoneum.
C) Pseudocysts.
D) Localized ileus.

Question 77

Peptic ulcer disease most commonly occurs in the duodenum.

Question 78

What condition results from chronic cholecystitis in which the gallbladder becomes fibrotic and calcified?

A) Cholecystectomy.
B) Pseudocyst.
C) Biliary carcinoma.
D) Porcelain gallbladder.

Question 79

Hiatal hernia is the most common disorder diagnosed on upper GI exams.

Question 80

What is a common complication of cirrhosis?

A) Acute pancreatitis.
B) Portal hypertension.
C) Ascites.
D) Biliary obstruction.