Deck 6: Urinary System

Question 1

When the kidneys are fused at their lower poles,they are termed a(n)

A) doughnut kidney
B) lump kidney
C) horseshoe kidney
D) ectopic kidney

Answer 1

horseshoe kidney

Question 2

A smaller than normal amount of urine is termed

A) polyuria
B) oliguria
C) hematuria
D) dysuria

Answer 2

oliguria

Question 3

What term is applied to an acquired condition that occurs when one kidney is required to do the job of two?

A) Supernumerary kidney.
B) Crossed ectopia.
C) Compensatory hypertrophy.
D) Hypoplastic kidney.

Answer 3

Compensatory hypertrophy.

Question 4

Refer to the image below.What developmental anomaly is demonstrated?

A) Crossed ectopia.
B) Horseshoe kidney.
C) Unilateral renal agenesis.
D) Supernumerary kidney.

Question 5

A rare anomaly in which there is a third,rudimentary kidney is termed

A) an ectopic kidney
B) compensatory hypertrophy
C) hypoplastic kidney
D) supernumerary kidney

Question 6

What is oliguria?

A) A smaller than normal amount of urine.
B) A larger than normal amount of urine.
C) The presence of protein molecules in the urine.
D) The presence of fat molecules in the urine.

Question 7

Which condition is most commonly found in children with ureteral duplication?

A) Renal cyst.
B) Ureterocele.
C) Papillary necrosis.
D) Staghorn calculus.

Question 8

What is a ureterocele?

A) A nonsuppurative inflammatory process involving the tuft of capillaries within the Bowman's capsule.
B) A smaller than normal amount of urine.
C) A fusion anomaly in which the ureter is directly connected to the kidney.
D) A cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder.

Question 9

A nonsuppurative inflammatory process involving the tuft of capillaries within the Bowman's capsule is called

A) ureterocele
B) pyelonephritis
C) glomerulonephritis
D) papillary necrosis

Question 10

Which type of severe infection occurs almost exclusively in diabetic patients and causes acute necrosis of the entire kidney?

A) Cystitis.
B) Papillary necrosis.
C) Glomerulonephritis.
D) Emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Question 11

What is the most common type of fusion anomaly?

A) Horseshoe kidney.
B) Crossed ectopia.
C) Doughnut kidney.
D) Unilateral renal agenesis.

Question 12

Which of the following stimulates the rate of red blood cell production?

A) Erythropoietin.
B) Angiotensin.
C) Renin.
D) Aldosterone.

Question 13

A suppurative inflammatory process of the kidney and renal pelvis is termed

A) glomerulonephritis
B) papillary necrosis
C) cystitis
D) pyelonephritis

Question 14

What is an ectopic kidney?

A) A third, rudimentary kidney.
B) A kidney that is not located in the normal location.
C) A kidney that is enlarged because it has to do the job of both kidneys.
D) The most common type of fusion anomaly.

Question 15

Where does the formation of urine begin?

A) Nephrons.
B) Bowman's capsule.
C) Glomerulus.
D) Distal convoluted tubule.

Question 16

In an average person,the nephrons filter about _____ L of water out of glomerular blood each day.

A) 2
B) 10
C) 80
D) 190

Question 17

A cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder is called a

A) ureterocele
B) pyelonephritis
C) ureteral aneurysm
D) renal cyst

Question 18

A miniature replica of a kidney is termed

A) ectopic kidney
B) hypoplastic kidney
C) compensatory hypertrophy
D) supernumerary kidney

Question 19

A rare anomaly in which a kidney fails to develop is called

A) unilateral renal agenesis
B) hypoplastic kidney
C) compensatory hypertrophy
D) supernumerary kidney

Question 20

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A) Lobule.
B) Nephron.
C) Glomerulus.
D) Ureterocele.

Question 21

What is the most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and childhood?

A) Hypernephroma.
B) Wilms' tumor.
C) Polycystic kidneys.
D) Renal cell carcinoma.

Question 22

The most common renal neoplasm is a

A) hypernephroma
B) nephroblastoma
C) pyelocarcinoma
D) renal cell sarcoma

Question 23

The medical term that means to void or empty the bladder of urine is

A) incontenience
B) continate
C) micturate
D) uremia

Question 24

Blockage above the level of the bladder causes dilatation of the renal pelvicalyceal system,which is called

A) glomerulonephritis
B) cystitis
C) hypernephroma
D) hydronephrosis

Question 25

Which urinary disease occurs almost exclusively in males and is defined as a thin transverse membrane that causes bladder outlet obstruction and may lead to severe hydronephrosis,hydroureter,and renal damage?

A) Ureterocele.
B) Posterior urethral valves.
C) Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
D) Polycystic kidney disease.

Question 26

Refer to the image.Note the arrows.What condition is indicated by the arrows in this image of an intravenous urogram?

A) Ureterocele.
B) Kidney agenesis.
C) Ectopic kidney.
D) Hypertrophic kidney.

Question 27

Which of the following are causes of enlarged kidneys?
(1)Polycystic renal disease.
(2)Renal vein thrombosis.
(3)Nephrosclerosis.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 28

What is the imaging modality of choice to diagnose renal vein thrombosis?

A) CT.
B) MRI.
C) US.
D) Excretory urography.

Question 29

What term is applied to a renal calculus that completely fills the renal pelvis?

A) Pelvolithiasis.
B) Staghorn calculus.
C) Pelvocalcinosis.
D) Nephrocalcinosis.

Question 30

What is nephrocalcinosis?

A) A condition of calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma.
B) A renal calculus that fills the entire renal pelvis.
C) Excretion of calcium ions in the urine.
D) A severe infection of the renal parenchyma.

Question 31

What population is most likely to develop stones in the urinary bladder?

A) Children.
B) Young adults.
C) Elderly males.
D) Diabetic persons.

Question 32

What term is used to describe an abnormally positioned kidney?

A) Kidney agenesis.
B) Ectopic kidney.
C) Kidney aplasia.
D) Hypertrophic kidney.

Question 33

What is the most common unifocal mass of the kidney?

A) Staghorn calculus.
B) Hypernephroma.
C) Nephrocalcinosis.
D) Renal cyst.

Question 34

Calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma are termed

A) staghorn calculus
B) nephrolithiasis
C) nephrocalcinosis
D) glomerulonephritis

Question 35

What is the most common hospital-acquired infection?

A) Cystitis.
B) Pyelonephritis.
C) Vasculitis.
D) Tuberculosis.

Question 36

Which imaging modality is the safest and most accurate in detecting renal calculi?

A) Ultrasound.
B) Excretory urography.
C) Noncontrast helical CT.
D) MRI.

Question 37

Which of the following are causes of small kidneys with smooth contours?
(1)Renal vein thrombosis.
(2)Nephrosclerosis.
(3)Chronic glomerulonephritis.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 38

What condition most commonly occurs in children who are severely dehydrated?

A) Nephrolithiasis.
B) Glomerulonephritis.
C) Pyelonephritis.
D) Renal vein thrombosis.

Question 39

What is the cause of hydronephrosis?

A) Chronic glomerulonephritis.
B) Blockage above the level of the bladder.
C) Staghorn calculus.
D) Aldosterone deficiency.

Question 40

Which of these is a common symptom of a renal neoplasm?

A) Hydronephrosis.
B) Painless hematuria.
C) Proteinuria.
D) Renal neoplasms are asymptomatic.

Question 41

Horseshoe kidney is the most common fusion anomaly of the urinary system.

Question 42

Match the disease to its definition.
Cystitis

A)Nonsuppurative inflammation of the tuft of capillaries in the Bowman's capsule
B)Suppurative infection of the kidneys and renal pelvis
C)Inflammation of the urinary bladder
D)A destructive condition involving the terminal portion of the renal pyramids

Question 43

Match the disease to the imaging modality that is most commonly used to diagnose it.
Kidney stones

A)Contrast-enhanced CT
B)Ultrasound
C)Noncontrast helical CT
D)MRI

Question 44

Ureteroceles are commonly associated with duplicated ureters.

Question 45

Ectopic kidney describes when a kidney fails to develop.

Question 46

Chronic cystitis is evidenced radiographically by a decrease in bladder size and wall irregularity.

Question 47

Urine formation begins in the glomerulus.

Question 48

Match the disease to the imaging modality that is most commonly used to diagnose it.
Pyelonephritis

A)Contrast-enhanced CT
B)Ultrasound
C)Noncontrast helical CT
D)MRI

Question 49

Match the disease to the imaging modality that is most commonly used to diagnose it.
Acute renal failure

A)Contrast-enhanced CT
B)Ultrasound
C)Noncontrast helical CT
D)MRI

Question 50

Urinary calculi are asymptomatic while they are in the kidney.

Question 51

Match the disease to its definition.
Glomerulonephritis

A)Nonsuppurative inflammation of the tuft of capillaries in the Bowman's capsule
B)Suppurative infection of the kidneys and renal pelvis
C)Inflammation of the urinary bladder
D)A destructive condition involving the terminal portion of the renal pyramids

Question 52

A hypoplastic kidney is a small third kidney and a rare developmental anomaly.

Question 53

Glomerulonephritis is the most common nosocomial infection.

Question 54

Match the disease to its definition.
Papillary necrosis

A)Nonsuppurative inflammation of the tuft of capillaries in the Bowman's capsule
B)Suppurative infection of the kidneys and renal pelvis
C)Inflammation of the urinary bladder
D)A destructive condition involving the terminal portion of the renal pyramids

Question 55

Match the disease to its definition.
Pyelonephritis

A)Nonsuppurative inflammation of the tuft of capillaries in the Bowman's capsule
B)Suppurative infection of the kidneys and renal pelvis
C)Inflammation of the urinary bladder
D)A destructive condition involving the terminal portion of the renal pyramids

Question 56

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

Question 57

Match the disease to the imaging modality that is most commonly used to diagnose it.
Glomerulonephritis

A)Contrast-enhanced CT
B)Ultrasound
C)Noncontrast helical CT
D)MRI

Question 58

Painless hematuria is a common presentation of a hypernephroma.