Deck 7: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The double-walled membranous sac that protects against friction and permits the heart to move freely during contraction is called the

A) epicardium
B) pericardium
C) endocardium
D) myocardium

Answer 1

pericardium

Question 2

The heart rate is controlled by the

A) autonomic nervous system
B) sympathetic nervous system
C) AV node
D) Purkinje fibers

Answer 2

autonomic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following is termed the "pacemaker" of the heart?

A) Purkinje fibers.
B) Bundle of His.
C) SA node.
D) AV node.

Answer 3

SA node.

Question 4

Systole is defined as the

A) contraction phase
B) relaxation phase
C) resting phase
D) mechanical phase

Question 5

The right ventricle pumps blood into the

A) pulmonary veins
B) aorta
C) superior and inferior vena cava
D) pulmonary artery

Question 6

The superior and inferior vena cava empty into the

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order of the impulse of a heartbeat through the components of the conduction system?

A) SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers.
B) AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, SA node.
C) SA node, Bundle of His, AV node, Purkinje fibers.
D) AV node, Purkinje fibers, SA node, Bundle of His.

Question 8

Which structure separates the right and left sides of the heart?

A) Papillary muscle.
B) Myocardium.
C) Septum.
D) Endocardium.

Question 9

Which hormone increases heart rate and increases the force of its contractions?

A) Acetylcholine.
B) Epinephrine.
C) Norepinephrine.
D) Cortisone.

Question 10

What term is applied to the relaxed,filling phase of the heart?

A) Synapse.
B) Impulse.
C) Systole.
D) Diastole.

Question 11

The pulmonary veins empty into the

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle

Question 12

What term is applied to the contraction phase of the heart?

A) Diastole.
B) Systole.
C) Impulse.
D) Synapse.

Question 13

Which condition results when the foramen ovale fails to close soon after birth?

A) Atrial septal defect.
B) Ventricular septal defect.
C) Tetralogy of Fallot.
D) Patent ductus arteriosus.

Question 14

What is the function of the pericardium?

A) Provide the contraction, pumping action of the heart.
B) Initiate the heartbeat.
C) Protect against friction and permit free movement of the heart during contraction.
D) Provide an intrinsic rhythm in case the autonomic nervous system fails.

Question 15

The most common congenital cardiac lesions are

A) tetralogy of Fallot
B) coarctation of the aorta
C) right-to-left shunts
D) left-to-right shunts

Question 16

Deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the lungs via the

A) pulmonary veins
B) pulmonary arteries
C) aorta
D) coronary arteries

Question 17

Deoxygenated venous blood returns to the heart via the

A) right and left coronary arteries
B) pulmonary veins
C) superior and inferior vena cava
D) pulmonary arteries

Question 18

The heart is lined with a smooth,delicate membrane called the

A) myocardium
B) pericardium
C) epicardium
D) endocardium

Question 19

The tricuspid valve is located

A) between the left ventricle and aorta
B) between the left atrium and ventricle
C) between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
D) between the right atrium and ventricle

Question 20

The left atrioventricular (AV)valve is also called the

A) tricuspid valve
B) mitral valve
C) quadcuspid valve
D) chordae tendineae

Question 21

Fatty deposits along the lining of arterial walls is termed

A) coarctation
B) atherosclerosis
C) Eisenmenger's syndrome
D) myocardial infarction

Question 22

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues is termed

A) pulmonary edema
B) congestive heart failure
C) pulmonary embolism
D) pulmonary infarct

Question 23

Which of the following might cause pulmonary edema?
(1)Mitral valve disease.
(2)Narcotic overdose.
(3)Adult respiratory distress syndrome.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 24

Which of the following causes ischemic heart disease as a result of decreased oxygen to the myocardium?

A) Mitral valve prolapse.
B) Tetralogy of Fallot.
C) Coronary artery disease.
D) Coarctation of the aorta.

Question 25

What is a myocardial infarction?

A) An accumulation of fatty material on the myocardium.
B) A drastic increase in the size of myocardial cells.
C) Death of myocardial cells.
D) Neoplastic proliferation of myocardial cells.

Question 26

Which congenital cardiac lesion appears radiographically as an enlarged left atrium,left ventricle,and central pulmonary arteries,along with diffuse increased pulmonary vasculature?

A) Atrial septal defect.
B) Patent foramen ovale.
C) Patent ductus arteriosus.
D) Tetralogy of Fallot.

Question 27

Rib notching is a radiographic characteristic of

A) ventricular septal defect
B) coarctation of the aorta
C) atrial septal defect
D) tetralogy of Fallot

Question 28

Which of the following are causes of congestive heart failure?
(1)Hypertension.
(2)Impaired heart contractions.
(3)Increased peripheral resistance to blood flow.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 29

What is atherosclerosis?

A) Fatty deposits on the inner lining of arteries.
B) Loss of arterial wall elasticity.
C) Calcification of the aorta caused by metabolic error.
D) Sudden, acute arterial collapse.

Question 30

What is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease?

A) Coarctation of the aorta.
B) Tetralogy of Fallot.
C) Ventricular septal defect.
D) Atrial septal defect.

Question 31

What is the radiographic evidence of ventricular septal defect?

A) Enlarged right atrium and ventricle.
B) Enlarged left ventricle.
C) Enlarged aorta.
D) Enlarged pulmonary trunk.

Question 32

Constriction of the aorta at the distal arch is termed

A) coarctation of the aorta
B) tetralogy of Fallot
C) aortic prolapse
D) aortic valve insufficiency

Question 33

Which congenital cardiac lesion appears radiographically as an enlarged right atrium,right ventricle,and pulmonary outflow tract?

A) Coarctation of the aorta.
B) Atrial septal defect.
C) Ventricular septal defect.
D) Patent ductus arteriosus.

Question 34

The most common cause of pulmonary edema is

A) mitral valve disease
B) embolism
C) bronchial tumor
D) elevated pulmonary venous pressure

Question 35

Which imaging modality is the most definitive,yet the most invasive,for demonstration of the heart atria and ventricles?

A) MRI.
B) Echocardiography.
C) CT.
D) Angiography.

Question 36

The inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide an adequate supply to the tissues is called

A) myocardial infarction
B) congestive heart failure
C) cardiogenic shock
D) coronary angioplasty

Question 37

Death of myocardial cells caused by a lack of blood supply is known as a

A) congestive heart failure (CHF)
B) cardiogenic shock
C) cardiopulmonary ischemia
D) myocardial infarction

Question 38

Which of the following is an abnormal vascular connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta?

A) Patent ductus arteriosus.
B) Patent foramen ovale.
C) Rheumatic heart disease.
D) Chordae tendineae.

Question 39

All left-to-right shunts can be complicated by the development of

A) pulmonary hypertension
B) congestive heart failure
C) rheumatic heart disease
D) mitral valve prolapse

Question 40

Which of the following shows up clinically as normal blood pressure in the upper extremities and low blood pressure in the lower extremities?

A) Aortic prolapse.
B) Mitral valve prolapse.
C) Coarctation of the aorta.
D) Ventricular septal defect.

Question 41

What structures are typically damaged by rheumatic fever?

A) Coronary arteries.
B) Myocardium and endocardium.
C) Red blood cells and blood platelets.
D) Heart valves.

Question 42

Which of the following is a noninvasive technique used for diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis?

A) Venography.
B) CT.
C) MRI.
D) Color-flow Doppler ultrasound.

Question 43

A potentially fatal complication of closed chest trauma is

A) aneurysm
B) aortic stenosis
C) traumatic rupture of aorta
D) aortic valve insufficiency

Question 44

Which imaging modality is the most sensitive and specific noninvasive method for diagnosing mitral valve stenosis?

A) Chest radiography.
B) Echocardiography.
C) CT.
D) MRI.

Question 45

A localized dilatation of an artery is termed a(n)

A) aneurysm
B) coarctation
C) stenosis
D) dissection

Question 46

When the entire circumference of the vessel wall is bulging,it is called a

A) fusiform aneurysm
B) saccular aneurysm
C) lobar arterial tumor
D) unilobar arterial tumor

Question 47

Which of the following conditions are complications of rheumatic fever?
(1)Mitral valve stenosis.
(2)Aortic valve insufficiency.
(3)Aortic valve stenosis.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 48

Which of the following might cause aortic valve insufficiency?
(1)Syphilis.
(2)Infective endocarditis.
(3)Deep vein thrombosis.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 49

The leading cause of strokes and CHF is

A) myocardial infarction
B) cardiogenic shock
C) hypertension
D) pulmonary edema

Question 50

What is an aortic dissection?

A) Complete tear of arterial wall.
B) Congenital anomaly in which the lumen is duplicated.
C) Traumatic disruption of the aorta from the root at the junction of the left ventricle.
D) Disruption of the intima allowing blood to flow between the layers of the wall.

Question 51

Dilated and tortuous superficial veins of the leg are called

A) varicose veins
B) deep vein thrombosis
C) vesiculitis
D) aneurysms

Question 52

High blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure above _____ mm Hg and a diastolic pressure above _____ mm Hg.

A) 90/140
B) 140/90
C) 100/70
D) 70/100

Question 53

Which of the following is a major source of fatal pulmonary emboli?

A) Pericardial effusion.
B) Pulmonary edema.
C) Deep vein thrombosis.
D) Infective endocarditis.

Question 54

An autoimmune disease that results from a reaction of a patient's antibodies against antigens from a previous streptococcal infection is called

A) infective endocarditis
B) pericardial effusion
C) infectious pericardial edema
D) rheumatic fever

Question 55

When an artery is dilated,or bulging,on only one side of the arterial wall,it is termed a

A) fusiform aneurysm
B) saccular aneurysm
C) lobar arterial tumor
D) unilobar arterial tumor

Question 56

What is an aneurysm?

A) An area of an artery in which the lumen is narrowed or stenotic.
B) An area of an artery in which the walls are dilated.
C) A benign tumor of the inner lining of the arterial wall.
D) A malignant tumor of the muscular layer of the arterial wall.

Question 57

What is a thrombus?

A) A piece of a blood clot that enters the bloodstream.
B) An intravascular clot.
C) Traumatic aortic dissection.
D) A tear in the inner lining of the artery.

Question 58

A disease in which the growth of nodules or vegetations on the heart valves is caused by deposits of bacteria or fungi is known as

A) pericardial effusion
B) infectious pulmonary edema
C) infective endocarditis
D) deep vein thrombosis

Question 59

What is an embolism?

A) A piece of a blood clot that enters the bloodstream.
B) A clot inside a blood vessel.
C) A tear in the lining of an artery.
D) A weakness in an artery wall.

Question 60

The accumulation of fluid in the membrane surrounding the heart is termed

A) infective endocarditis
B) deep vein thrombosis
C) pericardial effusion
D) pulmonary edema

Question 61

How is cardiomegaly evaluated on a PA chest radiograph?

A) Measurement of the cardiothoracic ratio.
B) Evaluation of the height of the right hemidiaphragm.
C) Evaluation of the left hemidiaphragm.
D) Cardiomegaly cannot be evaluated on a PA chest radiograph.

Question 62

Match the disease to its radiographic characteristic on a PA chest projection.
Congestive heart failure

A)Blurred vascular markings; "butterfly" pattern when severe
B)Enlarged right atrium and ventricle
C)Cardiomegaly; cardiothoracic ratio greater than 50%
D)Enlarged left atrium,left ventricle,and pulmonary arteries

Question 63

Match the disease to its radiographic characteristic on a PA chest projection.
Atrial septal defect

A)Blurred vascular markings; "butterfly" pattern when severe
B)Enlarged right atrium and ventricle
C)Cardiomegaly; cardiothoracic ratio greater than 50%
D)Enlarged left atrium,left ventricle,and pulmonary arteries

Question 64

Tetralogy of Fallot involves four abnormalities.

Question 65

The most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease is atrial septal defect.

Question 66

Regurgitation of blood through a heart valve means that blood is flowing backward from an opening that is too large or through cusps that do not close properly.

Question 67

Right-to-left shunts are the most common congenital cardiac lesions.

Question 68

Radiography is of little value in the demonstration of infective endocarditis.

Question 69

Match the disease to its definition.
Thrombus

A)Intravascular clot
B)Fatty material deposits on inner arterial walls
C)Clot material in the circulating blood
D)Dead heart muscle cells1.Atherosclerosis

Question 70

A fusiform aneurysm is a localized weakness that bulges out on only one side of the artery wall.

Question 71

A thrombus is a piece of an embolism that has broken free into the circulating bloodstream.

Question 72

Rheumatic fever is a primary cause of valvular disease.

Question 73

Match the disease to its radiographic characteristic on a PA chest projection.
Patent ductus arteriosus

A)Blurred vascular markings; "butterfly" pattern when severe
B)Enlarged right atrium and ventricle
C)Cardiomegaly; cardiothoracic ratio greater than 50%
D)Enlarged left atrium,left ventricle,and pulmonary arteries

Question 74

Deep vein thrombosis is a primary source of pulmonary embolism.

Question 75

Match the disease to its definition.
Myocardial infarct

A)Intravascular clot
B)Fatty material deposits on inner arterial walls
C)Clot material in the circulating blood
D)Dead heart muscle cells1.Atherosclerosis

Question 76

Rib notching demonstrated on chest radiographs is a characteristic of coarctation of the aorta.

Question 77

Match the disease to its definition.
Embolism

A)Intravascular clot
B)Fatty material deposits on inner arterial walls
C)Clot material in the circulating blood
D)Dead heart muscle cells1.Atherosclerosis

Question 78

All of the following are predisposing factors to the development of coronary artery disease except

A) hypertension
B) obesity
C) congenital defects
D) smoking

Question 79

All of the following are causes of aortic stenosis,except

A) rheumatic heart disease
B) coronary artery disease
C) idiopathic calcific stenosis
D) congenital valvular deformity

Question 80

Match the disease to its definition.
Atherosclerosis

A)Intravascular clot
B)Fatty material deposits on inner arterial walls
C)Clot material in the circulating blood
D)Dead heart muscle cells1.Atherosclerosis