Deck 10: Endocrine System

Question 1

Which of the following diseases may be caused by an adrenal carcinoma?

A) Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma.
B) Neuroblastoma and gigantism.
C) Acromegaly and gigantism.
D) Cushing's syndrome and aldosteronism.

Answer 1

Cushing's syndrome and aldosteronism.

Question 2

Which of the following are major glands of the endocrine system?
(1)Adrenal.
(2)Liver.
(3)Thyroid.

A) Adrenal and Liver
B) Adrenal and Thyroid
C) Liver and Thyroid
D) Adrenal, Liver, and Thyroid

Answer 2

Adrenal and Thyroid

Question 3

Cushing's syndrome is caused by

A) an excess of glucocorticoid hormones
B) an insufficiency of glucocorticoid hormones
C) an excess of androgen hormones
D) an insufficiency of androgen hormones

Answer 3

an excess of glucocorticoid hormones

Question 4

To what organs do neuroblastomas often metastasize?

A) Bone, liver, and lungs.
B) Breast, kidneys, and colon.
C) Brain, lungs, and colon.
D) Neuroblastomas do not commonly metastasize.

Question 5

Which of the following are primary malignancies that commonly metastasize to the adrenals?
(1)Lung.
(2)Kidney.
(3)Breast.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 6

Which group of steroid hormones is sex hormones that tend to masculinize the body,to retain amino acids,and to enhance protein synthesis?

A) Norepinephrines.
B) Mineralocorticoids.
C) Glucocorticoids.
D) Androgens.

Question 7

Which steroid hormone depresses the inflammation response to injury?

A) Aldosterone.
B) Renin.
C) Cortisone.
D) Epinephrine.

Question 8

Which of the following is the second most common malignancy in children?

A) Pheochromocytoma.
B) Wilms' tumor.
C) Neuroblastoma.
D) Pituitary adenoma.

Question 9

Which endocrine gland secretes cortisone?

A) Kidneys.
B) Thyroid.
C) Parathyroid.
D) Pituitary.

Question 10

The gonadotropins are secreted by the

A) adrenals
B) thyroid
C) anterior lobe of pituitary
D) posterior lobe of pituitary

Question 11

Another name for epinephrine is

A) aldosterone
B) cortisone
C) adrenaline
D) glucagon

Question 12

Which gland secretes steroid hormones?

A) Adrenal.
B) Pituitary.
C) Liver.
D) Parathyroid.

Question 13

Which hormones are known as "fight or flight" hormones?

A) Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
B) Aldosterone and cortisone.
C) Cortisone and epinephrine.
D) Renin and norepinephrine.

Question 14

Where does a pheochromocytoma occur?

A) Anterior pituitary.
B) Adrenal medulla.
C) Kidney cortex.
D) Liver parenchyma.

Question 15

Epinephrine is secreted by the

A) thyroid
B) adrenals
C) parathyroid
D) pituitary

Question 16

Which of the following are responses to epinephrine?
(1)Stimulated heart activity.
(2)Increased blood pressure.
(3)Increased levels of blood glucose.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 17

Which group of steroid hormones regulates salt and water balance?

A) Androgens.
B) Glucocorticoids.
C) Mineralocorticoids.
D) Epinephrines.

Question 18

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A) The mediastinum.
B) The sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
C) The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.
D) On the upper poles of the kidneys.

Question 19

Which group of steroid hormones regulates carbohydrate metabolism?

A) Androgens.
B) Glucocorticoids.
C) Mineralocorticoids.
D) Sex hormones.

Question 20

The production of aldosterone is primarily regulated by the secretion of _____ in the _____.

A) epinephrine; adrenals
B) epinephrine; pituitary
C) renin; thyroid
D) renin; kidneys

Question 21

Hypopituitarism in children causes a type of

A) attention deficit disorder
B) dwarfism
C) Graves' disease
D) arthritis

Question 22

Hypothyroidism dating from birth causes

A) dwarfism
B) diabetes mellitus
C) cretinism
D) gigantism

Question 23

The only natural iodine-containing substance in the body is

A) TSH
B) aldosterone
C) cortisone
D) thyroxine

Question 24

Excess thyroid hormone production from the entire gland results in

A) goiter
B) Graves' disease
C) cretinism
D) diabetes insipidus

Question 25

If hyperpituitarism occurs in a person whose bone growth has ceased,then _____ results.

A) aldosteronism
B) acromegaly
C) gigantism
D) diabetes mellitus

Question 26

Gradual marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw is termed

A) gigantism
B) acromegaly
C) feminization
D) goiter

Question 27

Which disease is evidenced in the radiograph below?

A) Goiter.
B) Gigantism.
C) Acromegaly.
D) Hypopituitarism.

Question 28

Which of the following results from excessive growth hormone?

A) Diabetes insipidus.
B) Diabetes mellitus.
C) Hyperpituitarism.
D) Hypopituitarism.

Question 29

Exophthalmos is a major physical finding in

A) Graves' disease
B) hypopituitarism
C) acromegaly
D) hypothyroidism

Question 30

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A) On the superior poles of the kidneys.
B) In the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
C) In the neck at the level of the larynx.
D) In the mediastinum at the level of the sternal angle.

Question 31

Enlargement of the thyroid gland not associated with inflammatory or neoplastic processes and not initially associated with hyperthyroidism and myxedema is known as

A) goiter
B) Graves' disease
C) cretinism
D) acromegaly

Question 32

Which modality is superior for imaging of the thyroid gland?

A) Nuclear medicine.
B) CT.
C) MRI.
D) Radiography.

Question 33

The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces

A) gonadotropins and follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH)
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and FSH
C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and FSH
D) vasopressin and oxytocin

Question 34

Which of the following radiographic characteristics is highly suggestive of acromegaly?

A) Shortened long bones.
B) Calcification of the cartilage of the ear.
C) Diffuse osteoporosis.
D) Thickening of the heel pad to greater than 23 mm.

Question 35

There are _____ parathyroid glands in the body.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) eight

Question 36

If hyperpituitarism occurs in a person whose bone growth is still active,then _____ results.

A) gigantism
B) acromegaly
C) prognathism
D) goiter

Question 37

What is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma?

A) Medullary.
B) Follicular.
C) Papillary.
D) Nonspecific.

Question 38

What is the usual appearance of thyroid carcinomas on radioactive iodine nuclear medicine scans?

A) Numerous cold spots (areas of decreased uptake).
B) Solitary cold nodule.
C) Numerous hot spots (areas of increased uptake).
D) Solitary hot spot or nodule.

Question 39

Which hormone causes contraction of smooth muscle,especially in the uterus?

A) Vasopressin.
B) FSH.
C) TSH.
D) Oxytocin.

Question 40

Vasopressin acts to protect a person from

A) excessive water loss
B) excessive water retention
C) virilization and feminization
D) gigantism and acromegaly

Question 41

Diabetes insipidus is related to diabetes mellitus.

Question 42

Failure of the pancreas to secrete insulin or a failure of target organs to respond to this hormone causes

A) diabetes mellitus
B) diabetes insipidus
C) Graves' disease
D) Cushing's syndrome

Question 43

The pituitary gland is often called the master gland of the body because the hormones it secretes control most glandular activity throughout the body.

Question 44

Steroid hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands.

Question 45

A diabetic patient is NPO for an upper GI exam.While waiting for the radiologist to arrive,the patient complains of feeling lightheaded,and you notice the patient is trembling.What is indicated,and what should be done?

A) Hypoglycemic shock; patient should be given sugar in form of candy or orange juice.
B) Hyperglycemic shock; patient should be given sugar in form of candy or orange juice.
C) Hypoglycemic shock; patient should be given insulin injection.
D) Hyperglycemic shock; patient should be given insulin injection.

Question 46

What is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A) Discrete adenoma.
B) Carcinoma.
C) Progressive bone disease.
D) Chronic renal failure.

Question 47

Thyroxine is the only natural iodine-containing substance in the body.

Question 48

Which of the following can cause insulin shock?
(1)Too much insulin.
(2)Too little insulin.
(3)Not enough food.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 49

What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

A) Discrete adenoma.
B) Carcinoma.
C) Acute renal failure.
D) Chronic renal failure.

Question 50

Which imaging modality provided this image of an endocrine system disorder?

A) MRI.
B) CT.
C) Radiography.
D) US.

Question 51

The hormones secreted by the parathyroid glands function to

A) regulate water and salt balance in the body
B) maintain proper electrolyte levels in the blood
C) stimulate secondary sex characteristics
D) regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the blood

Question 52

Which of the following is a major complication of diabetes mellitus?

A) Obesity.
B) Emaciation.
C) Atherosclerosis.
D) Polydipsia.

Question 53

Androgens are secreted by the parathyroid glands.

Question 54

Graves' disease is related to the thyroid gland.

Question 55

Which endocrine system disorder is demonstrated in the image below?

A) Adrenal metastasis.
B) Diabetes mellitus.
C) Pheochromocytoma.
D) Diabetes insipidus.

Question 56

The release of hormones by the thyroid gland is controlled by a hormone secreted in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Question 57

Cushing's syndrome is caused by a malfunction of the pituitary gland.

Question 58

Pheochromocytoma is the second most common malignancy in children.

Question 59

The risk of thyroid cancer is increased in persons who have childhood therapeutic neck irradiation.

Question 60

What is the most common type of hyperparathyroidism?

A) Primary.
B) Secondary.
C) Tertiary.
D) Idiopathic.

Question 61

Match the disease to the dysfunctional gland.
Graves' disease

A)Thyroid gland
B)Pituitary gland
C)Adrenal glands
D)Parathyroid glands

Question 62

Match the hormone to the gland that produces it.
Epinephrine

A)Pituitary gland
B)Parathyroid glands
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal glands

Question 63

Match the disease to the dysfunctional gland.
Cushing's syndrome

A)Thyroid gland
B)Pituitary gland
C)Adrenal glands
D)Parathyroid glands

Question 64

Match the hormone to the gland that produces it.
Cortisone

A)Pituitary gland
B)Parathyroid glands
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal glands

Question 65

Match the disease to the dysfunctional gland.
Gigantism

A)Thyroid gland
B)Pituitary gland
C)Adrenal glands
D)Parathyroid glands

Question 66

Match the disease to the dysfunctional gland.
Diabetes insipidus

A)Thyroid gland
B)Pituitary gland
C)Adrenal glands
D)Parathyroid glands

Question 67

Match the hormone to the gland that produces it.
Thyroxine

A)Pituitary gland
B)Parathyroid glands
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal glands

Question 68

Match the hormone to the gland that produces it.
Growth hormone

A)Pituitary gland
B)Parathyroid glands
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal glands

Question 69

Match the hormone to the gland that produces it.
PTH

A)Pituitary gland
B)Parathyroid glands
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal glands

Question 70

Match the hormone to the gland that produces it.
Androgens

A)Pituitary gland
B)Parathyroid glands
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal glands

Question 71

Match the hormone to the gland that produces it.
Vasopressin

A)Pituitary gland
B)Parathyroid glands
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal glands

Question 72

Match the hormone to the gland that produces it.
Follicle-stimulating hormone

A)Pituitary gland
B)Parathyroid glands
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal glands