Deck 9: Misguided Loyalties: to Whom, to What, at What Price

Question 1

The obligation of a police agency to comply with its rules and regulations, be faithful to its mission, and enforce its policies fairly is called:

A) legal loyalty.
B) institutional loyalty.
C) professional accountability.
D) none of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to the text, loyalty to God, family, or friends is always considered ethical.

A) yes
B) absolutely
C) maybe
D) no

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Proponents of personal loyalty to superiors argue that it is good for all of the following except:

A) it motivates the workers to go above and beyond the call of duty
B) it weakens institutional integrity
C) it inhibits organizational disloyalty
D) it enhances institutional integrity

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Instead of personal loyalty to superiors, the text suggests the obligation of:

A) love
B) friendship
C) duty
D) humor

Question 5

According to the text, in situations such as those faced in the Watergate and Abu Ghraib scandals there is likely to be:

A) abuse of authority
B) covering up for corrupt acts
C) falsifying evidence
D) all of the above

Question 6

The lowest level of workplace loyalty is:

A) personal loyalty
B) institutional loyalty
C) integrated loyalty
D) a-loyalty

Question 7

The quality of being neither loyal nor disloyal is:

A) professional accountability
B) a-loyalty
C) duty-boundedness
D) none of the above

Question 8

The duty-based thesis suggests a cultural change including:

A) the use of the word loyalty should be avoided in the context of relationships between superiors and subordinates
B) loyalty should be the main facet in relationships between superiors and subordinates
C) the use of the word morality should be avoided in the context of relationships between superiors and subordinates
D) dutiful supervision should be weakened

Question 9

According to the text, moral schizophrenia in the workplace:

A) is therapeutic
B) leads to strain
C) is inevitable
D) is nonexistent

Question 10

According to the text, professional accountability:

A) should be minimized
B) should be maximized
C) is a negative influence
D) is nonexistent

Question 11

Practitioners in the criminal justice system are required to be loyal to the Constitution, state laws, and agency regulations/rules, but are culturally required to be loyal to whom?

A) their spouse
B) suspects
C) colleagues
D) superiors/supervisors

Question 12

In criminal justice management, what term has been identified as workers' obligation to do what it takes to protect their organization without exposing themselves to criticism?

A) loyalty
B) perjury
C) infidelity
D) duty

Question 13

Which of the following is considered the highest and most virtuous type of workplace loyalty?

A) personal loyalty
B) institutional loyalty
C) integrated loyalty
D) all of the above

Question 14

Which term does the book use to describe the following statement: A practitioner's primary loyalty should be to public service and, if so, every other loyalty must be considered secondary?

A) paradoxical loyalty enigma
B) personal loyalty paradigm
C) the primary-secondary obligation paradigm
D) dedication to institutional integrity

Question 15

Which of the following are examples of the paradoxical nature of personal loyalty to superiors?

A) the practice ignores the fact that some superiors are not worthy of loyalty
B) the common tendency of superiors to treat personal loyalty as a one-way relationship
C) the excuse that personal loyalty to superiors is a knee-jerk reaction
D) all of the above are examples

Question 16

Per the text, the original condition of criminal justice agencies is said to be rooted in which concept, among others?

A) personal loyalty
B) democratic principles
C) occupational sub-culture
D) friendship

Question 17

The obligation of workers to do the best they can in the service of their publics is called:

A) service
B) obedience
C) dutifulness
D) devotion

Question 18

Which term does the book use to describe "bubble practitioners," or those who are neither loyal nor disloyal?

A) middle managers
B) personally loyal
C) institutionally loyal
D) a-loyal

Question 19

Which of the following is a noncontractible obligation?

A) a concern for effectiveness
B) personal loyalty to superiors
C) concern for organizational control
D) all of the above

Question 20

The term for a worker to perform above and beyond the call of duty (for example, staying longer to finish a task) is:

A) overtime
B) extraordinary performance
C) supererogation
D) excellence

Question 21

Loyalty to the U.S. Constitution, to the laws of the land, and to organizational rules and regulations is formalistic.

Question 22

Criminal justice agencies often do not condone a culture wherein superiors demand absolute personal loyalty from subordinates.

Question 23

Among others, loyalty was defined in the book as a "thoroughgoing devotion of a person to a cause."

Question 24

Institutional loyalty is the most virtuous level of loyalties.

Question 25

The primary-secondary paradigm refers to a practitioner's primary loyalty being to public service, while all others must come second.

Question 26

Among the two controlling realities, one is: the values of public interest and those of private interest are incompatible.

Question 27

The book stated that officers in unionized departments are much more intimidated by union officials than their superiors.

Question 28

Among the most anxiety inducing areas in criminal justice organizations are issues related to workers' loyalty or disloyalty to whom, and at what price.

Question 29

Under the duty-based thesis, the textbook indicates that one way to maximize professional accountability is to ensure that the relationship between practitioners and superiors is characterized by maturity, not subservience.

Question 30

All agree that personal loyalty is an intrinsic virtue.

Question 31

One of the major themes of this chapter is personal loyalty-or the idea that one accepts and complies with a superior's directives. In what circumstances might this be beneficial for an officer to do (such as at the beginning of their career)? Does the ethical outlook of the superior officer impact the behavior of their subordinates? And, lastly, at what point are subordinates responsible for following the directives of the superior officer-especially when they know the behavior is not acceptable?

Question 32

One statement the book makes is that personal loyalty is often paradoxical in nature. On the one hand-especially in times of external scrutiny-superiors expect subordinates to offer their unwavering loyalty. However, such loyalty is often a one-way relationship, whereby superiors do not reciprocate to the same degree. Might such allegiances create a subculture which permits unethical behavior to take place? Remember the example regarding the correctional institution. Further, when subordinates are ousted for engaging in unethical behavior (say, an unjustified shooting), do you think superiors would offer the same amount of loyalty that they would expect if in the same situation?

Question 33

Compare and contrast the arguments for and against loyalty to superiors. Address the pros and cons for both viewpoints.

Question 34

How might incorporating the duty-based thesis into practitioner training assist in removing an occupational subculture (or the feeling that one must follow a superior's directives to be successful) that exists within a department? Address not only the concept of duty, but also the two components that comprise the thesis, as well as the three cultural changes necessary for incorporation of a duty-based module.