Deck 5: Urban Planning

Question 1

Hutter suggests that it is useful to study the ideas of city planners and urban visionaries…

A)because the built environment determines how urban dwellers behave.
B)because most real cities were created by these urban visionaries.
C)to understand the interactive effects of environment, values, and behavior.
D)because the built environment determines the nature of urban values.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Leonard Reissman argues that, because urban visionaries often do not completely acknowledge the importance of human motivations and needs in their planning schemas, those visionaries would benefit from the sociologist's…

A)emphasis on size, density, and heterogeneity.
B)knowledge of social values and social norms.
C)emphasis on the biotic realm.
D)architectural knowledge and skill.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The City Beautiful movement was lead by

A)Jane Jacobs
B)Ebenezer Howard
C)Frank Lloyd Wright
D)Le Corbusier
E)Daniel Burnham

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The City Beautiful movement aimed to improve city life by enhancing civic design, based on their fundamental premise that…

A)urban life was inherently dangerous but focusing on civic design could help people forget about crime.
B)creating monumental buildings, boulevards, and civic centers would improve the moral condition and generate civic loyalty among the urban population.
C)there was no connection between urban design and the moral condition of urban dwellers but urban design was important because of its effect on other nation's perceptions of American cities.
D)large streets with many people using them would improve the moral condition of cities and lower crime rates.

Question 5

Hutter suggests that the importance of the White City was that it…

A)provided a dramatic sense of the possibilities of urban planning.
B)completely transformed Chicago in the late nineteenth century.
C)was an important model that influenced Frank Lloyd Wright.
D)indicated the lack of promise in urban planning.

Question 6

Although the City Beautiful movement ultimately had limited importance, its most significant contribution was…

A)recognizing the fundamental importance of creating large, tree-lined boulevards.
B)incorporating the landscape park city movement into twentieth-century planning.
C)revitalizing the Chicago School of urban sociology.
D)recognizing the importance of urban ecology.

Question 7

Howard's main goal in developing the Garden City movement was to find a way to…

A)emphasize how important the private ownership of land is in developing livable urban settings.
B)encourage people to move toward the country magnet.
C)combine the attractive qualities of both city and rural life without the negative consequences of either.
D)use civic buildings, broad boulevards, and parks to enhance city living.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of Howard's Garden City movement, according to Roy Lubove?

A)urban centralization
B)cities limited in size, with balanced agricultural-industrial economies
C)surrounding greenbelt
D)cooperate landholding
E)large-scale planning and its advantages

Question 9

Although Stein and Wright created Radburn, New Jersey, based on Howard's Garden City model, they differed from Howard in not aiming to further…

A)urban centralization.
B)social inclusion.
C)social exclusion.
D)exclusivity.

Question 10

The proposed "greenbelt towns" of the 1930s included elements of the Garden City movement such as "superblocks" and…

A)centralized business districts.
B)"greenbelts" of undeveloped land surrounding communities.
C)high-rise apartment towers to minimize the use of valuable land.
D)the three magnets.

Question 11

Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City represents his rejection of what he saw as a(n)…

A)unnatural and inhumane urban environment.
B)Garden City model of greenbelt urban development.
C)dispersed landscape of independent home-owning families.
D)suburban sprawl approach to urban development.

Question 12

Which of the following best captures the essence of Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City?

A)an ultra-low-density city with a decentralized grid system of plots of land
B)a Garden City model of greenbelt urban development
C)a form of urban development based on cooperative landowning
D)an urban development model based on increasingly densely populated central cities

Question 13

Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City represented his view of the importance of building ________, as opposed to Le Corbusier's Radiant City vision of building ________.

A)down; out
B)homes; industry
C)greenbelts; brownbelts
D)out; up

Question 14

Sir Peter Hall observed that Wright's vision was a weaving together of _______ thinking.

A)Jacobs' and Moses'
B)LeCorbusier's and Jacobs'
C)pro-city
D)anti-city

Question 15

Le Corbusier's apparent paradox that the centers of cities must be decongested by increasing their density was reflected in his model of the…

A)Broadacre City.
B)City Beautiful.
C)Radiant City.
D)Garden City.

Question 16

Le Corbusier's vision of the city was of…

A)cities without streets.
B)crime-free cities.
C)low-rise development.
D)an emphasis on detached private homes.

Question 17

Mumford believed that Le Corbusier integrated two dominating conceptions of early twentieth-century architecture and urban planning into his work.Which is one of those?

A)The emphasize on using cultural heritage to develop livable cities.
B)The use of wide-open spaces to provide sunlight, views, and areas of green.
C)The creation of the city of Brasilia as a monument to his ideas.
D)The creation of a dispersed landscape of individually-owned homes.

Question 18

The Futurama exhibit created by General Motors for the 1939-1940 New York World's Fair presented a vision of future cities based on ________ and ________.

A)Greenbelt communities; inexpensive, widely spread public transportation
B)Le Corbusier's model of the Radiant City; the integral role of the automobile
C)Wright's Broadacre City; the use of sky trains to convey people to different locations
D)Moses's approach to building roads; Jacobs's view of "eyes on the street"

Question 19

Lippmann noted that General Motors spent much money to convince Americans that enjoying the benefits of the private production of automobiles required rebuilding cities and highways at…

A)private expense.
B)public expense.
C)the expense of General Motors.
D)the expense of other automobile manufacturers.

Question 20

Robert Moses had great power in New York City because of…

A)his elected position as City Planner.
B)his links to such urban visionaries as Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright.
C)a series of interlocking appointed positions.
D)his espousal of the development of rapid transit in the city.

Question 21

The Cross-Bronx Expressway, one of Robert Moses's major projects,…

A)destroyed slum areas that were a drain on the city's economy.
B)enabled the middle class to move to suburbia.
C)demonstrated how responsive he was to criticism in building his projects.
D)destroyed an economically stable, viable urban village.

Question 22

William H.Whyte refers to the linked ideas of Le Corbusier and Robert Moses as…

A)anti-cities.
B)redeveloped cities.
C)green cities.
D)cities within cities.

Question 23

Edmund N.Bacon was similar to Robert Moses and Le Corbusier in his view of the…

A)necessity of the automobile as a key urban transportation medium.
B)necessity of a subway system that would keep automobile congestion in Philadelphia at a minimum.
C)need for railroad links between New York City and Philadelphia.
D)inadvisability of relying on the automobile as a key urban transportation medium.

Question 24

Bacon differed from Moses and other post-World War II urban planners in which of the following ways?

A)Bacon appreciated old communities, including those considered slums, and sought to rebuild rather than destroy them.
B)More than Moses, Bacon realized that for urban progress to occur old neighborhoods, especially slums, had to be torn down.
C)Bacon was drawn more to the approach of Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City movement.
D)Bacon was more convinced than Moses of the necessity to build skyscrapers to facilitate urban development.

Question 25

The leading opponent of Le Corbusier's view of the city and of modern urban planning and the urban renewal plans of Robert Moses was…

A)Jane Jacobs.
B)Edmund N.Bacon.
C)Lewis Mumford.
D)Frank Lloyd Wright.

Question 26

Jane Jacobs emphasized the importance of…

A)destroying mixed-use neighborhoods that integrated small stores and businesses with residences.
B)diversified mixed-income and mixed-race communities as vital aspects of a lively urban environment.
C)formal planning processes that segregate areas of the city by land use.
D)highways linking the inner city to suburbia, to facilitate movement back and forth.

Question 27

According to Hutter, Jane Jacobs's importance was based on convincing us that city culture…

A)depends on the relationships between people interacting with one another.
B)depends on the relationships between different social classes.
C)depends on the relationship between personal interaction and public space.
D)city culture depends on the relationships between people and the government.

Question 28

If you emphasized the emergent unplanned quality of city life, you would be following the ideas of…

A)Le Corbusier.
B)Frank Lloyd Wright.
C)Ebenezer Howard.
D)Jane Jacobs.

Question 29

Geographers, sociologists, architects, and urban planners all agree that the physical environment of a city determines human behavior in the city.

Question 30

Ebenezer Howard believed that the private ownership of land was essential for urban well-being.

Question 31

In revising Howard's "three magnets," Hall and Ward found it unnecessary to make any changes to Howard's original three magnets.

Question 32

Frank Lloyd Wright's ideal city was a dispersed landscape of independent house-owning families living private lives.

Question 33

Robert Moses's controversial Cross-Bronx Expressway helped to revitalize and rebuild an economically unstable and socially isolated "slum."

Question 34

For Jane Jacobs, the essential quality of urban life is seen in its diversity.

Question 35

Why is it useful to look at the ideas of city planners and visionaries?

Question 36

Explain Burnham's City Beautiful movement.

Question 37

Explain Wright's vision for the Broadacre City? How was this a response to his view of the industrial city as a "fibrous tumour."

Question 38

What are the principles underlying Howard's Garden City movement?

Question 39

Although recognizing that Le Corbusier was able to integrate two major conceptions of early twentieth-century architecture and urban planning into his work, Lewis Mumford was also critical of Le Corbusier for three main misconceptions in his work.What are the misconceptions?

Question 40

What are several of the most important disagreements between Robert Moses and Jane Jacobs in regard to urban planning?

Question 41

Hutter suggests that the works of Le Corbusier, Howard, and Wright have been influential in thinking about cities.Explain their views and how they affected urban planning and policy in post-World War II America.

Question 42

Robert Moses and Jane Jacobs differed dramatically in their approaches to cities and urban planning.Explain those differences and how the differences affected the way in which they would view certain types of urban policies and projects.For example, how would each have thought about the Cross-Bronx Expressway or urban renewal?

Question 43

Think critically about the city in which you live, which theorist(s) was most influential? Explain your answers and discuss what your city would be like if it had followed another urban model.