Deck 6: Ego Analytic Psychology Anna Freud Erik Erikson Dan McAdams

Question 1

Pedro is a boy struggling with the life crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt.According to Erikson,Pedro is most likely to be ________ old.

A) three months
B) twelve months
C) three years
D) eight years

Answer 1

 C

Question 2

Anna Freud was Sigmund Freud's

A) wife.
B) youngest daughter.
C) cousin.
D) aunt.

Answer 2

 B

Question 3

According to Erikson,an infant whose parents do not attend reliably to his or her needs is likely to lack the ego strength of

A) will.
B) hope.
C) purpose.
D) wisdom.

Answer 3

 B

Question 4

Four-year-old Jonas is a very curious little boy who is always taking things apart.His mother has just found him in her bedroom attempting to unscrew the back of her alarm clock.According to Erikson,a spanking will probably lead Jonas to feel

A) mistrustful.
B) confused.
C) guilty.
D) stagnant.

Question 5

Anna Freud enlarged the application of psychoanalysis to new areas,including exploration of the ego and the study of

A) children.
B) womb envy.
C) hypercompetitiveness.
D) family dynamics.

Question 6

Two-year-old Emma was just toilet-trained.According to Erikson,if her parents were firm and reassuring,Emma would emerge from this stage with a newly developed ego strength of

A) care.
B) purpose.
C) will.
D) hope.

Question 7

According to Erikson,the primary dilemma of infancy is

A) trust versus mistrust.
B) autonomy versus doubt.
C) industry versus inferiority.
D) initiative versus guilt.

Question 8

What did Anna Freud mean when she said that adolescence was the "stepchild in psychoanalytic theory"?

A) The adolescent stage had not previously been emphasized as an important developmental period.
B) Adolescents are not considered good candidates for psychoanalysis.
C) Adolescence is a high-risk period for developing mental disorders.
D) Adolescents who become stepchildren frequently end up in psychoanalysis.

Question 9

The psychosocial stage that parallels Freud's latency period is

A) autonomy versus shame and doubt.
B) identity versus role confusion.
C) industry versus inferiority.
D) initiative versus guilt.

Question 10

Each of Erikson's psychosocial stages is organized around a(n) ________ that children encounter at certain critical periods.

A) media exposure
B) observation of private adult life
C) emotional polarity
D) erogenous zone

Question 11

According to Erikson,if six-month-old Marcus could verbalize his dilemma,he would say that he is most likely struggling with the question,

A) Can I control my body?
B) Can I trust the world?
C) What is my purpose in life?
D) What is my identity?

Question 12

Ms.Jones divides her first-graders into reading groups according to ability.The "sparrows" know that they are the worst readers,whereas the "eagles" know that they are the best.According to Erikson,at this age,she can expect the "sparrows" to develop feelings of ________ and the "eagles" to develop feelings of ________.

A) mistrust; trust
B) role confusion; ego identity
C) guilt; initiative
D) inferiority; industry

Question 13

An individual who emerges successfully from one of Erikson's psychosocial stages develops a(n) ________ as a result.

A) developmental line
B) virtue
C) authoritative style
D) individuation

Question 14

Which of the following is one of the ways in which Erikson extended Freudian psychoanalysis?

A) He posited another psychosexual stage following the genital stage.
B) He researched the impact of fixations in later stages than Freud did.
C) He elaborated on the negative functions of the ego.
D) He added a social dimension that before was only implied in the psychosexual stages.

Question 15

Anna Freud's developmental line elaborated on her father's depiction of the psychosexual stages by describing

A) how children become increasingly dependent on external controls as they mature.
B) the increase in id impulses that accompanies the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
C) the increase in ego-superego conflicts that occurs along with developmental growth.
D) the growth in ego mastery as it coincides with psychosexual development.

Question 16

Unlike Sigmund Freud,Erikson theorized that the ego was

A) mostly adaptive.
B) mostly given a negative role.
C) mostly unconscious.
D) wholly conscious.

Question 17

Regarding the Oedipus complex,Erikson

A) believed that it did not exist.
B) agreed wholeheartedly with Sigmund Freud.
C) preferred to call it an early generational complex.
D) believed that it took place much later in life than did Sigmund Freud.

Question 18

In discussing the psychosexual stages,Freud emphasized their ________ character,whereas Erikson emphasized their ________ dimension.

A) biological; social
B) social; biological
C) biological; cognitive
D) cognitive; biological

Question 19

Tanya has been taken hostage.Her primary feelings toward the people who are holding her hostage is admiration and gratitude.Anna Freud would argue that Tanya is experiencing the ego defense of

A) projection.
B) displacement.
C) identification with the aggressor.
D) regression.

Question 20

According to Erikson,a two-year-old's negativism is a(n)

A) sign of frustration.
B) form of disguised anger.
C) innate contrariness.
D) struggle for autonomy.

Question 21

The virtue of love emerges with the successful emergence of Erikson's _________ stage.

A) generativity versus stagnation
B) intimacy versus isolation
C) ego integrity versus despair
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 22

Research inspired by Erikson's theories,such as that conducted by Daniel Levinson and Judy Levinson,suggests that,compared to women,men tend to base their identity on their

A) marriage.
B) parenting.
C) age.
D) profession.

Question 23

In theorizing about females,both Erikson and Freud

A) believed that women could find their identity in work.
B) believed that women could not contribute significantly outside the home.
C) believed that girls' awareness of their sexual role focused on a missing penis.
D) employed male paradigms.

Question 24

Dan McAdams' theories of personality are most closely related to those of

A) Fromm.
B) Rogers.
C) Erikson.
D) Sullivan.

Question 25

Erikson found that the child-rearing practices of the Sioux,in comparison to those of the Yurok,were

A) less permissive.
B) less adaptive.
C) more gender neutral.
D) more structured.

Question 26

According to Erikson,an older adult who is able to sit back and reflect on his or her life with satisfaction will have acquired the virtue of

A) fidelity.
B) care.
C) love.
D) wisdom.

Question 27

In his investigation of sex differences,Erikson observed that,in their play,girls emphasize ________ space,whereas boys emphasize ________ space.

A) low; high
B) outer; inner
C) high; low
D) inner; outer

Question 28

What did Erikson demonstrate in his study of two Native American tribes?

A) That society shapes basic character structures
B) That the Yurok tribe had a superior way of life
C) That society does not exert much influence on one's character development
D) That oral and anal characters are not found in all cultures

Question 29

Dr.Porter is a counseling psychologist who works at a college counseling center.Most of Dr.Porter's clients are of traditional college age.According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages,which of the following issues will be most prominent in the problems of Dr.Porter's clients at this point in their lives?

A) Trust versus mistrust
B) Generativity versus stagnation
C) Intimacy versus isolation
D) Ego integrity versus despair

Question 30

Fifteen-year-old Savita is constantly questioning her parents' values.At the same time,she is not ready to accept her friends' values.If you ask her what she wants to become,she will say,"I haven't a clue." Her confusion implies that she is struggling with issues of

A) autonomy.
B) identity.
C) fidelity.
D) integrity.

Question 31

Erikson concluded from his study on sex differences that the development of women is influenced by their

A) acceptance of male superiority.
B) awareness of their reproductive capacity.
C) relationships with their children.
D) superior verbal abilities.

Question 32

Erikson is credited with refining which of the following?

A) The diagnostic profile
B) The method of self-analysis
C) The psychohistory
D) The word-association test

Question 33

Ron is a previously law-abiding teen who has recently joined a violent gang.In Erikson's terms,he is

A) adopting a negative identity.
B) looking for fidelity.
C) undergoing an identity crisis.
D) assuming an inappropriate sexual role.

Question 34

Erikson saw a parallel between the use of evidence by a psychoanalyst and a(n) ________ because both try to reconstruct events.

A) literary critic
B) biologist
C) forensics expert
D) historian

Question 35

Dr.Rodriguez is a clinical psychologist who works with children in an elementary school.According to Erikson,the psychosocial stage with which Dr.Rodriguez's clients are most likely to struggle is

A) trust versus mistrust.
B) industry versus inferiority.
C) ego identity versus role confusion.
D) intimacy versus isolation.

Question 36

When an adolescent establishes a stable identity,the virtue or ego strength that emerges is

A) care.
B) competence.
C) fidelity.
D) love.

Question 37

According to the Generative Behavior Checklist (McAdams & St.Aubin),which of the following suggests a high degree of generativity?

A) Being independent and self-sufficient
B) Believing that one's contributions will survive after death
C) Having flexibility in moral behavior
D) Abstaining from giving advice to others.

Question 38

According to Carol Gilligan,the development of girls differs from that of boys because

A) girls' development places greater emphasis on mastery and power.
B) girls' development places greater emphasis on connection and care.
C) the intimacy versus isolation crisis takes place later in girls' lives.
D) the intimacy versus isolation crisis takes place earlier in girls' lives.

Question 39

The ego strength of care emerges during which of Erikson's psychosexual stages?

A) Ego identity versus role confusion
B) Ego integrity versus despair
C) Generativity versus stagnation
D) Intimacy versus isolation

Question 40

Carolyn is experiencing Erikson's stage of generativity versus stagnation.Carolyn is most likely to be ________ years old.

A) four
B) fifty
C) fifteen
D) eighty

Question 41

According to McAdams,in the elementary school years,our life stories revolve around two themes: ________ and ________.

A) initiative; guilt
B) nuclear episodes; thematic lines
C) agency; communion
D) school; home

Question 42

According to McAdams and Pals (2006),the five major principles for organizing current research and theory in personality psychology include three major levels of personality.What is one of these levels?

A) Dispositional attributions
B) Integrated life narratives
C) Biological adaptations
D) Cultural norms

Question 43

Evaluate Erikson's theory in terms of its function as philosophy,science,and art.

Question 44

Explain how Erikson's theory enlarged our understanding of the ego.

Question 45

Describe four ways in which Erikson extended Freudian psychoanalytic theory.

Question 46

Describe how Erikson explored the role of culture and history in shaping personality.

Question 47

In his study of generative and nongenerative adults,McAdams found that generative adults were

A) able to turn negative experiences into positives.
B) more likely to give shorter versions of their life stories.
C) less likely to make use of biblical, folklore, or mythological themes in their stories.
D) more likely to have felt privileged early in their lives.

Question 48

Discuss Erikson's theories regarding the differences in psychological development between women and men.

Question 49

Compare and contrast Freud's theories of psychosexual and Erickson's theories of psychosocial stages of development

Question 50

Discuss each of Erikson's stages in terms of the crisis that it involves and the virtue that emerges from that crisis.

Question 51

Describe empirical research based on Erikson's theory.

Question 52

Discuss the general characteristics of Erikson's psychosocial stages of development.

Question 53

Discuss Erikson's methods of research.

Question 54

Describe Anna Freud's contributions to psychoanalysis.

Question 55

How might difficulties in the first of Erikson's psychosocial stages (trust versus mistrust) specifically influence adult personality and behavior regarding relationships?

Question 56

Describe Dan McAdams' contributions to personality theory.

Question 57

Critics have suggested that Erikson's theory applies only to a white,Western,patriarchal society.Discuss how people in other cultures might experience different life stages,emotional polarities,and ego strengths.

Question 58

___________ enhanced Erikson's theory of generativity versus stagnation by exploring the cultural demand for generativity.

A) Fromm
B) Chodorow
C) Rotter
D) McAdams

Question 59

According to McAdams,the theme of __________ is the most powerful life story in contemporary America.

A) victimization
B) redemption
C) narcissism
D) codependency

Question 60

Recently,McAdams (McAdams & Olson,2010) redefined his three "levels" of personality as ones that unfold developmentally as a person successively takes on the self-positions of actor,agent,and __________ over time.

A) counselor
B) manager
C) investor
D) author

Question 61

McAdams argued that the theme of redemption is the most powerful life story in contemporary America.In your opinion,what themes are most prominent?

Question 62

How might difficulties in the third of Erikson's psychosocial stages (industry versus inferiority) specifically influence adult personality and behavior regarding work?

Question 63

Discuss McAdams' theories regarding generativity.Compare his theories to those of Erikson.