Question 1

Countries in which the government is headed by a small group of powerful individuals are known as&#10;A) dictatorships.&#10;B) monarchies.&#10;C) democracies.&#10;D) oligarchies.

Accepted Answer

An oligarchy is a form of government in which a small group of powerful individuals, usually from a particular social class or community, hold power and make decisions for the society. Dictatorships are similar in that a single individual holds absolute power, but it is not necessarily a small group. Monarchies are ruled by a monarch, typically a king or queen, but again, it is not necessarily a small group. Democracies are characterized by the participation of citizens in the decision-making process, and power is typically decentralized.

Question 2

Which amendment protects individuals from double jeopardy and self-incrimination, provides for the right to a grand jury in serious crimes and ensures that the accused is provided due process?&#10;A) Fourth&#10;B) Fifth&#10;C) Sixth&#10;D) Eighth

Accepted Answer

The Fifth Amendment protects individuals from double jeopardy and self-incrimination, provides for the right to a grand jury in serious crimes, and ensures that the accused is provided due process. The Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, the Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury, and the Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 3

Which type of law is based on judicial precedent and the concept of stare decisis?&#10;A) Civil&#10;B) Case&#10;C) Administrative&#10;D) Common

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Grimaud (1911) had the most notable impact on which type of law?&#10;A) Case&#10;B) Civil&#10;C) Common&#10;D) Administrative

Accepted Answer

The decision in United States v. Grimaud established the principle that administrative agencies have the power to create and enforce regulations, which had a significant impact on administrative law.

Question 5

Which type of law addresses disputes between individuals, businesses, and government agencies, and is concerned with laws pertaining to family issues, business practices, and probate law?&#10;A) Civil&#10;B) Common&#10;C) Case&#10;D) Administrative

Accepted Answer

Civil law deals with disputes between individuals, businesses, and government agencies. It covers a broad range of legal issues, including family law (such as divorce and child custody), business law (such as contracts and property rights), and probate law (such as wills and trusts). Common law, on the other hand, refers to the legal system that relies on judicial decisions and precedents rather than on written laws. Case law, also known as precedent or common law, is the body of law that is derived from judicial decisions rather than from statutes or constitutions. Administrative law deals with the rules and regulations that are established by government agencies.

Question 6

Which of the following is correct with regard to civil law?&#10;A) The standard of proof is &#34;proof beyond a reasonable doubt.&#34;&#10;B) Only the complainant can appeal in civil court.&#10;C) The standard of proof is a &#34;preponderance of evidence.&#34;&#10;D) Compensation for damages in civil court go to the state.

Accepted Answer

The standard of proof in civil court is a "preponderance of evidence," which means that the evidence presented must show that it is more likely than not that the defendant is responsible. Option A is the standard of proof in criminal cases, and option B and D are incorrect as both parties have the right to appeal and compensation is awarded to the plaintiff, not the state.

Question 7

Mistake, duress, infancy, and insanity are what type of affirmative defenses?&#10;A) Procedural defenses&#10;B) Excuses&#10;C) Justifications&#10;D) Exonerations

Accepted Answer

Mistake, duress, infancy, and insanity are all considered excuses, which are a type of affirmative defense that can be used to argue for the defendant's innocence or lesser culpability. Procedural defenses are used to challenge the legal process or the court's jurisdiction. Justifications are used to argue that the defendant's actions were legally justified or necessary under the circumstances. Exonerations are when the defendant is completely absolved of responsibility for the crime.

Question 8

The 14th Amendment states that &#34;no State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of the law.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The 14th Amendment does indeed state that "no State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of the law."

Question 9

Initially, the Bill of Rights strictly applied to the federal government, which meant that states and municipalities were not required to recognize the rights.

Accepted Answer

The Bill of Rights originally only limited the powers of the federal government, and it was not until the passage of the 14th Amendment after the Civil War that the Bill of Rights began to be applied to state and local governments as well.

Question 10

Most states have a constitution that somewhat reflects the U.S. Constitution, but is usually less detailed and briefer.

Accepted Answer

Most state constitutions are actually longer and more detailed than the U.S. Constitution, addressing specific state issues and governance structures.

Question 11

The &#34;reasonable person&#34; standard is used to determine the extent to which the self-defense is valid in court.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The &#34;reasonable person&#34; standard is used to...

Question 12

Most states require that offenders be at least 13 years old before they can be charged with delinquency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most states require that offenders be at...

Question 13

All states permit the insanity defense to acquit defendants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All states permit the insanity defense to...

Question 14

Defendants use the entrapment defense when they claim that government agents induced them into committing a crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Defendants use the entrapment defense when they...

Question 15

What bodies of law contribute to our criminal law? Which body of law do you believe is the most impactful?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What bodies of law contribute to our...

Question 16

Identify and discuss five defenses in criminal law. Provide examples of when each defense would be acceptable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and discuss five defenses in criminal...

Deck 8: Understading Criminal Law