Deck 7: Understanding Justice

Question 1

Over 150 inmates were _______ in 2019, meaning that their sentences were overturned, and they were released from prison as a result of the discovery of new evidence suggesting that they did not commit the crime for which they were sentenced.

A) exonerated
B) disenfranchised
C) remitted
D) enfranchised

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A judge sentenced a young man to pay $500 in restitution and to attend a court-ordered mediation session in which the offender and victim would meet to discuss the crime. The judge's actions in this case most closely reflect what type of justice?

A) Environmental
B) Procedural
C) Retributive
D) Restorative

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What type of justice considers how societies provide for the needs of their members, with particular importance given to the extent to which members of subgroups are treated equally?

A) Environmental
B) Retributive
C) Social
D) Procedural

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Environmental justice is a subset of which type of justice?

A) Retributive
B) Social
C) Procedural
D) Restorative

Question 5

In 1968, Herbert Packer wrote The Limits of the Criminal Sanction, in which he identified which two competing models of criminal justice?

A) The legal and illegal models
B) The internal and external models
C) The primary and secondary models
D) The due process and crime control models

Question 6

Which model of justice-based practices proposes that aggressive and efficient enforcement of the law is the primary concern, and failure to do so results in a breakdown of public order?

A) The safe streets model
B) The crime control model
C) The internal validity model
D) The due process model

Question 7

Which model of justice-based practices has fact-finding and reliability as key components, largely recognizes that individuals are innocent until proven guilty, and relies on formal adjudication to determine guilt?

A) The safe streets model
B) The crime control model
C) The internal validity model
D) The due process model

Question 8

The "Black Lives Matter" movement began in 2013 after the acquittal of a Florida man in the shooting of an African American teenager.

Question 9

Victim-offender mediation, forgiveness, and restitution are important aspects of retributive justice.

Question 10

Although environmental injustices have occurred throughout history, the study of environmental justice did not appear until the early 1980s.

Question 11

The basis of decision-making in the crime control model occurs in the courtroom, and discretion plays a limited role.

Question 12

Evidence of the due process model is found in the requirement that police officers must follow procedural laws when conducting stops, searches, and arrests.

Question 13

The error rate for the crime control model is much lower than the error rate for the due process model.

Question 14

The crime control model unofficially suggests that individuals are generally guilty upon being arrested, which ultimately means that the use of discretion by police officers is particularly powerful.

Question 15

Compare and contrast the six different types of justice.

Question 16

What factors influence our perceptions of justice? Which do you believe are the most influential? Discuss your responses.