Deck 5: Criminal Minds

Question 1

____________ theories explain abnormal behavior as the result of mind and thought processes that form during human development, particularly during the early years.

A) SociologicalCognitive
B) Biological
C) Psychological
D) PostmodernistBehavioral learning
The problem with this question is that psychological includes cognitive and behavioral and each could be argued to be correct, particularly cognitive because it is about thought processes

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to psychological theorists, socialization occurs through a series of ____________ stages.

A) mental
B) moral
C) sexual
D) All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to __________, crime is an expression of buried internal conflicts that result from traumas and deprivations during childhood.

A) the psychoanalytic approach
B) attachment theory
C) frustration-aggression theory
D) trait-based personality theories

Answer 3

A

Question 4

__________ states that thwarted desires and deprivations cause frustration. When frustration is combined with a lack of non-delinquent channels for compensatory gratification, affective ties to conventional adults fail to form. The result is a weak superego that is unable to protect against delinquency.

A) The psychoanalytic approach
B) Attachment theory
C) Frustration-aggression theory
D) Trait-based personality theories

Question 5

__________ emphasizes the importance of forming a secure emotional base for subsequent personality development.

A) The psychoanalytic approach
B) Attachment theory
C) Frustration-aggression theory
D) Trait-based personality theories

Question 6

__________ states that abnormal behavior is said to stem from deviant or criminal personality characteristicstraits rather than unconscious causes.
Traits gives it away!

A) The psychoanalytic approach
B) Attachment theory
C) Frustration-aggression theory
D) Trait-based personality theories

Question 7

___________ are descriptive schemas that are the product of human reason and imagination.

A) Traits
B) Crimes
C) Deviance
D) Facades
I'd replace this as these are all true and traits is arguably the least true. . . .

Question 8

Drawing on Carl Jung's ideas of introversion and extroversion and Pavlov's learning theory, Hans Eysenck claimed to show that human personalities are made up of clusters of traits. One cluster produces an outward-focused, cheerful, expressive temperament that he called ___________.

A) introversion
B) extroversion
C) neuroticism
D) psychoticism

Question 9

Drawing on Carl Jung's ideas of introversion and extroversion and Pavlov's learning theory, Hans Eysenck claimed to show that human personalities are made up of clusters of traits. A third dimension of personality, which forms emotional stability or instability, he labeled ___________.

A) introversion
B) extroversion
C) neuroticism
D) psychoticism

Question 10

Drawing on Carl Jung's ideas of introversion and extroversion and Pavlov's learning theory, Hans Eysenck claimed to show that human personalities are made up of clusters of traits. One cluster produces a sensitive, inhibited temperament that he called ___________.

A) introversion
B) extroversion
C) neuroticism
D) psychoticism

Question 11

Drawing on Carl Jung's ideas of introversion and extroversion and Pavlov's learning theory, Hans Eysenck claimed to show that human personalities are made up of clusters of traits. One cluster refers to a predisposition to psychotic breakdown.

A) introversion
B) extroversion
C) neuroticism
D) psychoticism

Question 12

____________ theories saw crime as the outcome of learning that, under certain circumstances, criminal behavior will be rewarded.

A) Cognitive
B) Biological
C) Psychological
D) Behavioral learning

Question 13

The concept of ____________ refers to the argument that behavior is controlled through manipulation of the consequences of previous behavior.

A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) positive reinforcement
D) negative reinforcement

Question 14

The concept of ____________ refers to the argument that stimuli would consistently produce a given effect.

A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) positive reinforcement
D) negative reinforcement

Question 15

'Reinforcement' involves strengthening a tendency to act in a certain way. One type,____________, occurs where an unpleasant experience is avoided by committing crime.

A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) positive reinforcement
D) negative reinforcement

Question 16

'Reinforcement' involves strengthening a tendency to act in a certain way. Such strengthening can be in the form of ____________, whereby past crimes are rewarded.

A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) positive reinforcement
D) negative reinforcement

Question 17

Part of the learning process involves includes _____________, which involves identification with others, either real or represented.

A) role modeling
B) task reproduction
C) self-efficacy
D) hostile framing

Question 18

Aaron Beck argues that extreme forms of violence-from verbal abuse, domestic violence, rape, and hate crime to terrorist bombing and genocide-are exaggerations of patterns of everyday thought. These dysfunctional patterns of thinking are what Beck calls ____________.

A) role modeling
B) task reproduction
C) self-efficacy
D) hostile framing

Question 19

The term ____________ refers to the belief in one's ability to achieve goals that one has set for oneself.

A) role modeling
B) task reproduction
C) self-efficacy
D) hostile framing

Question 20

____________ theories state that human reasoning shapes the way humans act and orients them to behavior meaningful to their lives.

A) Cognitive
B) Biological
C) Psychological
D) Behavioral learning

Question 21

According to social cognitive theories, a strong sense of efficacy oriented toward positive self-development can affect transgressive behavior by:

A) Promoting pro-socialness
B) Curtailing the propensity to disengage moral self-sanctions from socially alienating and harmful conduct
C) Countering ruminative and vengeful affectivity
D) All of the above

Question 22

______________ is the study of how environmental factors prevail on a person's mind to affect behavior.

A) ecological psychology
B) behavioralcommunity psychology
C) evolutionary psychology
D) social psychology

Question 23

The focus of _____________ is not to find out what is wrong with the individual but at. Rather, the emphasis is on looking at what is right with the person and his or her fit with the culture and environment.

A) ecological psychology
B) community psychology
C) evolutionary psychology
D) social psychology

Question 24

___________ strongly disputes the idea that the mind is a general learning and problem-solving apparatus. Instead, the mind or brain is the result of millions of years of evolutionary processes meeting environmental challenges, which led to "specific cognitive functions to meet those challenges through the process of natural selection and sexual selection"

A) Ecological psychology
B) Community psychology
C) Evolutionary psychology
D) Social psychology

Question 25

The Genetic Evolutionary Psychology Perspective proposes four ways or routes whereby behavior is maintained or changes over time. One route, through our ____________, refers to the ever-changing conscious, preconscious, unconscious and non- conscious mental activity of thought, emotion, and motivation.

A) biology
B) psychology
C) culture
D) environment

Question 26

The Genetic Evolutionary Psychology Perspective proposes four ways or routes whereby behavior is maintained or changes over time. Through one route, our ____________, the sum total of ways of living developed by people through time and the social transmission of these ways within and across generations.

A) biology
B) psychology
C) culture
D) environment

Question 27

The Genetic Evolutionary Psychology Perspective proposes four ways or routes whereby behavior is maintained or changes over time. One route is through our ___________, meaning that one's genetic makeup, as expressed through various physical structures, systems, and processes, has an impact that varies depending on the behavior and the other three routes.

A) biology
B) psychology
C) culture
D) environment

Question 28

The Genetic Evolutionary Psychology Perspective proposes four ways or routes whereby behavior is maintained or changes over time. One route is through our ___________, which can limit or facilitate our bodies, brains, and society, as well as be affected by them.

A) biology
B) psychology
C) culture
D) environment

Question 29

The term mens rea refers to the voluntary participation in overt willful behavior.

Question 30

If defense attorneys can establish that their client is, or was at the time of the offense, mentally ill, criminal responsibility, culpability based on mens rea, cannot apply.

Question 31

The view commonly held by psychologists is that humans develop through a process of socialization rather than being biologically predetermined.

Question 32

Psychological theories look for differences that might explain some people's predisposition toward crime such as differences between individuals or differences in the situation and emergent environment.

Question 33

Attachment theory states that abnormal behavior is said to stem from deviant or criminal personality traits rather than unconscious causes.

Question 34

Sigmund Freud identified two primary ways people handle guilt. Sublimation occurs when the drives of the id are denied. This which results in various abnormal reactions.

Question 35

Sigmund Freud identified two primary ways people handle guilt. In repression the desires and drives of the id are diverted to actions that meet the approval of the superego

Question 36

Sigmund Freud said that during childhood, basic drives are oriented around oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital drives that seek to be satisfied.

Question 37

Sigmund Freud argued that one outcome of the unconscious guilt complex is crime.

Question 38

According to attachment theory, children who have frequent breaks in relations with their mother or caregiver in their early years, or who have factors that mitigate against secure maternal bonding, develop anxiety and have difficulty forming relationships with others.

Question 39

The essential feature of an antisocial personality is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.

Question 40

Hans Eysenck explained that sensation seekers are less sensitive to excitation by stimuli, requiring more stimulation than the average individual, which they can achieve through crime, violence, and drug taking. These people are impulsive, being emotionally unstable.

Question 41

Social learning is initially based on the idea that individuals are complex beings who do not simply respond mechanically but observe and analyze situations before they decide to act.

Question 42

The major theme of cognitive theory focuses on how mental thought processes are used to solve problems-to interpret, evaluate, and decide on the best actions.

Question 43

Evolutionary psychology is the study of how environmental factors prevail on a person's mind to affect behavior.

Question 44

The view commonly held by psychologists is that humans develop through a process of ___________ rather than being biologically predetermined.

Question 45

__________ theories of crime explain abnormal behavior as the result of mind and thought processes that form during human development, particularly during the early years.

Question 46

According to the ____________ approach, crime is an expression of buried internal conflicts that result from traumas and deprivations during childhood.

Question 47

Sigmund Freud argued that if the guilt associated with the various stages was not satisfactorily handled by the ___________, then the personality of the individual would be negatively affected later in life.

Question 48

____________ theory emphasizes the importance of forming a secure emotional base for subsequent personality development.

Question 49

____________ is initially based on the idea that individuals are complex beings who do not simply respond mechanically but observe and analyze situations before they decide to act.

Question 50

Part of the social learning process includesvolves _____________, which involves identification with others, either real or represented.

Question 51

The focus of _____________ psychology is not to find out what is wrong with the individual. Rather, the emphasis is on looking at what is right with the person and his or her fit with the culture and environment.

Question 52

___________ psychologists strongly dispute the idea that the mind is a general learning and problem-solving apparatus. Instead, the mind or brain is the result of millions of years of evolutionary processes meeting environmental challenges, which led to specific cognitive functions to meet those challenges through the process of natural selection and sexual selection.

Question 53

___________ psychology is the study of how environmental factors prevail on a person's mind to affect behavior.

Question 54

What are the core traits of an antisocial personality?

Question 55

According to the psychoanalytic approach, traumatic events that occur during childhood affect the unconscious component of the human mind. Sigmund Freud assumed that the mind was composed of conscious and unconscious components. Please list and describe these components as well as explain how they are all interconnected.

Question 56

Sigmund Freud argued that one outcome of the unconscious guilt complex is crime. How does this occur?

Question 57

What are the limitations of the psychoanalytic approach?

Question 58

What are the limitations of trait-based personality theories?