Question 1

At what age does the brain reach its adult weight?&#10;A) 16&#10;B) 18&#10;C) 21&#10;D) 25&#10;E) 30

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

When infants see the same action over and over again, they stop paying attention. This is called:&#10;A) Experience&#10;B) Boredom&#10;C) Accommodation&#10;D) Habituation&#10;E) Differentiation

Accepted Answer

Habituation is the process in which an organism becomes increasingly less responsive to a repeatedly presented stimulus. In the case of infants, they may stop paying attention or become less interested in a repeated action or stimulus, indicating habituation.

Question 3

Babies show a swimming reflex until about age:&#10;A) 12 months&#10;B) 24 months&#10;C) 2 months&#10;D) 8 months&#10;E) 6 months

Accepted Answer

E

Question 4

Which three instincts did Watson suggest were present from birth?&#10;A) Sociability, love, rage&#10;B) Love, fear, rage&#10;C) Rage, love, attachment&#10;D) Fear, rage, intelligence&#10;E) Intelligence, love, sociability

Accepted Answer

Watson suggested that fear, rage, and love were present from birth. Option A includes sociability, which may develop over time but is not necessarily present from birth. Option C includes attachment, which also develops over time as an infant forms bonds with caregivers. Option D includes intelligence, which is not considered to be an instinct but rather a capacity for learning and problem-solving. Option E includes sociability and intelligence, which, as stated earlier, may not be present from birth.

Question 5

Which of Piaget's developmental stages is dominated by perception?&#10;A) Concrete operations&#10;B) Sensorimotor&#10;C) Formal operations&#10;D) Preoperational&#10;E) Preconventional

Accepted Answer

Piaget's Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years old) is dominated by perception. In this stage, infants use their senses and motor abilities to understand the world around them. They begin to develop object permanence and understand cause and effect relationships.

Question 6

A child's general understanding that various aspects of an object may remain constant even when others are transformed is called, in Piaget's terms:&#10;A) Conformity&#10;B) Accommodation&#10;C) Chunking&#10;D) Assimilation&#10;E) Habituation

Accepted Answer

Piaget called this general understanding "assimilation," which is the process of incorporating new experiences into existing cognitive structures or schemas. This allows children to apply familiar knowledge to new situations and objects, even when some aspects may be transformed. Conformity refers to the tendency to go along with group norms or expectations, chunking involves organizing information into smaller, more manageable units, and habituation is a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus. Accommodation, on the other hand, involves modifying existing schemas to fit new experiences, often in response to cognitive conflicts or inconsistencies. While accommodation is related to assimilation, it is not the same as a child's general understanding that some aspects of an object may remain constant despite transformations.

Question 7

Which of Piaget's developmental stages is dominated by perception?&#10;A) Concrete operations&#10;B) Sensorimotor&#10;C) Formal operations&#10;D) Preoperational&#10;E) Preconventional

Accepted Answer

The sensorimotor stage, which occurs from birth to age 2, is dominated by perception because infants rely heavily on their senses and motor activities to learn and interact with the environment. This is a stage where infants learn about the world through sensory experiences and their own movements, beginning to understand object permanence, cause-and-effect relationships, and developing basic problem-solving skills.

Question 8

It has also been suggested that the mirror neurons not only lead to an understanding of another's actions but also to:&#10;A) Co-operation&#10;B) Sympathy&#10;C) Competence&#10;D) Empathy&#10;E) Judgement

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are thought to play a role in empathy, as they enable individuals to not only recognize and understand others' facial expressions, emotions, and actions but also to share in those emotions and experiences. This process is known as empathy, and it allows individuals to understand and connect with others on a deeper level.

Question 9

Mary Ainsworth developed which test to assess attachment types in infants?&#10;A) Strange Situation&#10;B) Visual cliff&#10;C) Sally-Anne&#10;D) Three mountains&#10;E) False belief

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation test is a commonly used measure for assessing attachment types in infants, developed by Mary Ainsworth.

Question 10

According to Chein et al (2011), which behaviour is more likely to occur in the presence of peers?&#10;A) Immortality&#10;B) Sociability&#10;C) Anti-social behaviour&#10;D) Risk taking&#10;E) Pro-social behaviour

Accepted Answer

Chein et al (2011) found that risk taking is more likely to occur in the presence of peers.

Deck 4: Developmental Processes