Question 1

Which of these is NOT one of the four humors identified by Hippocrates?&#10;A) Choleric&#10;B) sanguine&#10;C) narcissistic&#10;D) phlegmatic&#10;E) melancholic

Accepted Answer

The four humors identified by Hippocrates were choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, and melancholic. Narcissistic is not a humor identified by Hippocrates.

Question 2

Which of Freud's psychosexual development stages typically lasts between the ages of 3 and 6 years?&#10;A) Oral&#10;B) Latency&#10;C) Genital&#10;D) Anal&#10;E) Phallic

Accepted Answer

The phallic stage, which centers around the child's developing sexuality and gender identity, typically lasts between the ages of 3 and 6 years. This stage is characterized by the Oedipus complex (for boys) or Electra complex (for girls), in which the child develops sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent.

Question 3

Freud would most likely have considered an adult who is overly trusting and dependent on others to be fixated at which psychosexual stage of development?&#10;A) Genital&#10;B) Oral&#10;C) Phallic&#10;D) Latency&#10;E) Anal

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the first stage is the oral stage, in which the child's primary pleasure centers around the mouth. If a person becomes fixated at this stage, they may develop an oral personality, which is characterized by an excessive need for oral stimulation, such as eating, drinking, and smoking. However, an adult who is overly trusting and dependent on others may also be seen as having an oral personality since they rely on others to provide for them, similarly to how an infant relies on their mother for sustenance.

Question 4

Which defence mechanism is being referred to: channelling unacceptable impulses into productive activities.&#10;A) Sublimation&#10;B) Projection&#10;C) Rationalization&#10;D) Reaction formation&#10;E) Displacement

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is the defence mechanism in which socially unacceptable impulses or energies are redirected into socially acceptable behavior or activities, such as art, music, writing, or other productive areas. This allows the individual to avoid expressing their impulses in harmful or problematic ways, while also finding a positive outlet for their energy.

Question 5

Which defence mechanism is being referred to: shifting an emotional experience to a safer person or object.&#10;A) Sublimation&#10;B) Projection&#10;C) Rationalization&#10;D) Reaction formation&#10;E) Displacement

Accepted Answer

This is referring to the defence mechanism of displacement, where a person redirects their emotional experience (usually negative) from an original source to a safer or less threatening person or object.

Question 6

One important aspect of the humanistic tradition was an emphasis on WHAT?&#10;A) Thoughts&#10;B) Emotions&#10;C) Determinants&#10;D) Choice&#10;E) Physical factors

Accepted Answer

The humanistic tradition emphasized the importance of an individual's freedom and choice in shaping their own life and personal growth. This is evident in theories such as Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which suggests that individuals have the capacity to self-actualize and reach their full potential when they have the freedom to make choices and pursue their own goals. Therefore, choice is the most important aspect emphasized in the humanistic tradition, making option D the best choice.

Question 7

How does Csikszentmihalyi answer the question: what makes life worth living?&#10;A) Family&#10;B) Money&#10;C) Flow&#10;D) Status&#10;E) Friends

Accepted Answer

According to Csikszentmihalyi, the experience of "flow," which is characterized by complete absorption in an activity, is what makes life worth living. This state of mind is achieved when a person's skills and abilities match the challenges they are facing, leading to a sense of fulfillment and happiness. Therefore, the correct answer is C, flow.

Question 8

Whose use of factor analysis led to the creation of the 16PF test?&#10;A) Allport&#10;B) Freud&#10;C) Cattell&#10;D) Eysenck&#10;E) Bandura

Accepted Answer

The use of factor analysis led to the creation of the 16PF test by Raymond Cattell.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five named personality traits?&#10;A) Extraversion&#10;B) Openness&#10;C) Agreeableness&#10;D) Psychoticism&#10;E) Neuroticism

Accepted Answer

The Big Five named personality traits are Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness. Psychoticism is not one of the Big Five traits, but it is a personality trait proposed by British psychologist Hans Eysenck.

Question 10

A future way of assessing personality disorder on a continuum would involve assessing them on four scales. Which of these factors would NOT be assessed?&#10;A) agreeableness&#10;B) identity&#10;C) self-direction&#10;D) empathy&#10;E) intimacy

Accepted Answer

Agreeableness is a dimension of the Five Factor Model of personality (also known as the Big Five), not a scale for assessing personality disorders on a continuum. Identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy are more directly related to criteria for personality disorders.

Deck 12: Personality