Deck 8: East Asian Religions: Confucianism, Daoism, Shinto, Buddhism

Question 1

The Confucian canon, officially established around 175 ce, is called the

A) Daodejing.
B) Tu-di Gong.
C) Analects.
D) Five Classics.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The people of the core region of China are called

A) Han.
B) Mandarin.
C) Mongolian.
D) Chinese.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The time when the East Asian visionaries, the Indian sages, and the Greek philosophers made definitive contributions to the world's social and spiritual framework is referred to as the

A) Axial age.
B) Age of transformation.
C) Great Cultural Revolution.
D) Third Civilization.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which one of the following is NOT one of the aspects of applied Daoism developed to manage worldly life?

A) Acupuncture.
B) Kami.
C) Feng shui.
D) I Ching.

Question 5

Beliefs prevalent in early China that were foundational for later East Asia's diffuse religion included

A) Everything in the universe is interconnected.
B) Spirits, including dead ancestors, populate the universe.
C) Unseen forces in heaven and earth can be influenced by the petitions of shamans, oracle readers, and kings.
D) All of the above.

Question 6

The first expression of Daoism is the poetic

A) Lao Zi.
B) Analects.
C) Tao Te Ching.
D) De.

Question 7

The spiritual force possessed by geographic places, deities, and sages is called

A) Li.
B) Ling.
C) Rujia.
D) Ren.

Question 8

The tradition seeking to harmonize early Confucian humanism with elements of Daoism and Buddhism is called which of the following?

A) Confucianism.
B) Neo-Confucianism.
C) Esoteric Daoism.
D) Analectism.

Question 9

The bond between child and parent is the model for which Confucian ideal?

A) Li.
B) Filial piety.
C) Ren.
D) Analects.

Question 10

What led the shogunate Nobunaga in the 1500s to be receptive to the first Jesuit missionaries?

A) Dislike of Buddhism.
B) Desire to increase trade.
C) Desire to banish Confucianism.
D) Potential for material gain.

Question 11

The yin-yang theory and the five substances theory developed to

A) Make observations of nature and natural signs.
B) Explain the nature of Shang-di.
C) Provide a foundation for Hinduism.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

Characteristics of Daoism include

A) Cultivation of traditional ritual performances.
B) The concept of ren.
C) Individual retreat.
D) All of the above.

Question 13

In Chinese art influenced by Daoism you will typically see

A) That human beings can find transcendent harmony in the vast natural world.
B) The equal importance given to humans, animals, and nature.
C) That humans are gods.
D) That only nature contains divinity.

Question 14

The political message of Daoism was

A) Return to primal simplicity, with the state interfering as little as possible.
B) To live a simple life and conform to the state's expectations.
C) The state controls civil life so that individuals can meditate.
D) To follow rules, especially filial piety.

Question 15

Exploring the mysterious reality of the Dao in everyday life, which teacher lived several centuries after the founding of Daoism and authored the Zhuang Zi?

A) Lao Zi.
B) Master K'ung.
C) Mencius.
D) Chuang Tzu.

Question 16

At the popular level, religious Daoism eventually incorporated which of the following into the Daoist pantheon?

A) Jesus, the Buddha, and Ganesh.
B) Lao Zi, the Buddha, and Guanyin.
C) The Buddha, Guanyin, and Muhammad.
D) Kitchen god, Master K'ung, and Mencius.

Question 17

The "Mandate of Heaven" means

A) A dynasty is awarded rule by the people.
B) A dynasty is authorized to rule as long as it rules by virtue.
C) Potential leaders cannot rebel under any circumstances.
D) The spirits and ancestors of the dynasty confer rule.

Question 18

Probably the most important and widely honored ritual practice all across East Asia is

A) Kowtowing.
B) The death ritual.
C) Sacrifices of food and wine.
D) Sacrifices of live animals.

Question 19

Characteristics of yang include

A) Bright.
B) Dark.
C) Valley.
D) Earth.

Question 20

What tradition teaches that the person is "a center of relatedness"?

A) Daoism.
B) Confucianism.
C) Shinto.
D) Diffuse religion.

Question 21

The Communist Party passed a law in 2013 requiring children to call parents regularly and act on their

A) Family rituals.
B) Filial piety.
C) Wu-wei.
D) All of the above.

Question 22

The compilation of Master K'ung's teaching episodes, anecdotes, and aphorism is called the

A) Mandate of Heaven.
B) Analects.
C) Tao Te Ching.
D) None of the above.

Question 23

The indigenous Japanese deities are called

A) Ren.
B) Kitchen gods.
C) Hsaio.
D) Kami.

Question 24

The Japanese tradition of worshipping its own distinct deities, who remain eternally present, is called

A) Neo-Confucianism.
B) Neo-Daoism.
C) Ch'ondogyo.
D) Shinto.

Question 25

Thirty-two percent of the South Korean population is

A) Confucist
B) Daoist.
C) Christian.
D) Buddhist.

Question 26

The Confucian vision says that society can only be in harmony if individuals conform to the dictates of the

A) Mandate of Heaven.
B) Dao.
C) Five Hierarchical Relationships.
D) None of the above.

Question 27

A growing religion in South Korea that combines Pure Land and Zen teachings, and is especially popular in major urban areas and with women, is called

A) Shamanism.
B) Tantra.
C) Won Buddhism.
D) Shen.

Question 28

The religious traditions referred to in the phrase "the unity of the three faiths" are

A) Confucianism, Daoism, and Shintoism.
B) Buddhism, Shintoism, and Ch'ondogyo.
C) Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism.
D) Neo-Shintoism, Zen, and Confucianism.

Question 29

When the Chinese first had regular contact with the Europeans in the 1500s, they

A) Warmly embraced the Europeans.
B) Considered Europeans "barbarians."
C) Admired the Europeans.
D) None of the above.

Question 30

After Buddhism was established in China, it spread

A) First to Korea, then from Korea to Japan.
B) First to Japan, then from Japan to Korea.
C) First to Japan, then from Japan to India.
D) First to Korea, then from Korea to Tibet.

Question 31

Founded in 1990, Eastern Lightning emerged into public awareness near the end of 2012, when it widely publicized

A) That the end of the world was about to begin.
B) The earth would be devastated.
C) Three days of darkness would be followed by 72 days of natural disasters.
D) All of the above.

Question 32

The kami of the sun, a goddess, is called

A) Amaterasu.
B) Guan Yu.
C) Soka Gakkai.
D) Qing-Ming.

Question 33

Characteristics of yin include

A) Bright.
B) Dark.
C) Mountain.
D) Heaven.

Question 34

Which healing art draws upon Daoist theories of vital energy in the body and awakening its force?

A) Qi gong.
B) Li.
C) Hsaio.
D) Wu-wei.

Question 35

In traditional Chinese and Korean homes, which deity records household goings on and composes a yearly report?

A) Magistrate.
B) The city god.
C) Jade Emperor.
D) Zao Wangye or the kitchen god.

Question 36

Characteristics of Confucianism include

A) Active social service.
B) Monasticism.
C) Individual retreat.
D) All of the above.

Question 37

Which religion in Korea merged elements of Confucianism and Daoism, was an indigenous response to the challenge of Christianity, and became one of Korea's major religions?

A) Neo-Sintoism.
B) Ch'ondogya.
C) Nichiren.
D) Soka Gakkai.

Question 38

Which term refers to the ancient practices rooted in ancestor veneration and spirit worship becoming blended with elements of Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism?

A) Neo-Confucianism.
B) Spirit deism.
C) Diffuse religion.
D) Ling.

Question 39

Followers of Hong Xiuquan and his militant sect in the nineteenth century were called

A) Neo-Daoists.
B) Ch'ondogyo members.
C) Soka Gakkias.
D) Taipings.

Question 40

Daoism was established as a philosophical system in the first century bce by Master D'ao.

Question 41

Only in China is the birthday of Confucius celebrated today.

Question 42

Confucianism was established as a system of moral observance and ritual performance in the sixth century bce by Master D'ao.

Question 43

It was in the "Formative Era," from 1122 BCE to 220 CE, that the great sages arose whose teachings would strongly influence the entire region of East Asia.

Question 44

A common belief in the "diffuse religion" of East Asia is that there is a natural hierarchy in the world that extends to one's departed kin.

Question 45

The term "diffuse religion" refers to the dispersal of a specific religious tradition.

Question 46

Oracle bone divination is an East Asian ritual from postmodern times.

Question 47

In religious Daoism, shen refers to "spirit."

Question 48

According to Daoism, "yin" stands for male, bright, and spring.

Question 49

Ancestor worship is the worship, feeding, and petitioning of the souls of dead ancestors.

Question 50

The Daodejing is attributed to an anonymous "Old Baby," or Lao Zi.

Question 51

Lightning Deng's most widely distributed book, Lightning from the Orient, proclaims itself the Word of God.

Question 52

The Chinese people have a history of having accorded great respect to past traditions.

Question 53

The early Daoists agreed with the Confucians that imposing rules and artificial practices on people was good for society.

Question 54

In the aftermath of the 2011 earthquake, people turned to Shinto rituals performed by priests to restore the balance between the human and the divine, bless the construction sites, and pacify the local kami.

Question 55

The practice of alchemy is not associated with early Confucianism.

Question 56

Early on, the Confucian worldview established the self as a center for multiple relationships determined by gender, generational location in the family, and status in the empire.

Question 57

The Analects are a compilation of Master K'ung's teachings, anecdotes, and sayings.

Question 58

Buddhism was imported into China in the seventh century.

Question 59

Confucianists viewed the Buddhist ideal of monastic retreat as antisocial behavior.

Question 60

East Asia's belief in karma originated in the Shinto tradition of Japan.

Question 61

The Chinese government has embraced Dongfang Shǎndiàn (Eastern Lightning).

Question 62

Korea discovered Buddhism, then spread it to Japan, then China.

Question 63

The effects of colonialism may have been highly destructive to the culture of East Asia, but some good still came out of it in the form of religious innovation.

Question 64

The influence of Buddhism was never the same in China after the anti-Buddhist policies of Emperor Wu-zong around 845.

Question 65

Chinese concept of Shang-di means one supreme lord above.

Question 66

Icons of the triple gods-Longevity, Wealth, and Blessings-are typically found in Chinese homes and temples.

Question 67

The Pure Land school of Buddhism reveres self-reliance as the ideal model for human behavior.

Question 68

Pure Land is the largest Buddhist school in Japan today.

Question 69

In Japan, the only Buddhist school that has survived is Zen.

Question 70

The Chinese liked and admired Europeans at their first meeting in the sixteenth century.

Question 71

One effect of imperialism in East Asia was the strengthening of the unchallenged Confucian influence in every country.

Question 72

The worldview that Confucianism promotes can be viewed as a circle with the community at the center.

Question 73

The 1949 banning of Ch'ondogyo in Korea caused it to die out completely in both North Korea and South Korea.

Question 74

The term "the three faiths" refers to Confucianism, Daoism, and Christianity.

Question 75

China has been the formative center of the East Asian region from earliest antiquity.

Question 76

The Shang notion of reciprocity between dead and living remains to this day a central aspect of East Asian religions.

Question 77

Mao believed it was possible to combine communist rule with strong religious traditions.

Question 78

The Shinto pantheon is nonhierarchical, with no one deity placed above the others.

Question 79

An East Asian funeral requires burial two days after death and longer in well-to-do families.

Question 80

You would find an icon of the deity _______ in a traditional Chinese and Korean home, where from the kitchen hearth he records household goings on.