Deck 4: The Christian Tradition

Question 1

The significance of Vatican I was that it

A) Modernized Church facilities.
B) Formulated the Catholic Church's antimodernist teachings.
C) Expressed a new openness to teachings of non-Christian religions around the world.
D) Became open to the teachings of the modernists.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What model of education replaced the Evangelical Protestant model at universities later in the nineteenth century?

A) German scientific ideal of scholarship.
B) American Social Gospel.
C) Liberal Catholic.
D) Darwinian theories.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Christianity began as a

A) Peace movement.
B) Jewish sectarian movement.
C) Samaritan movement.
D) Zealot movement.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The central issue in modern Christianity has been the

A) Growth of industrialization.
B) Growth of urbanization.
C) Struggle between Protestantism and Catholicism.
D) Struggle between modernism and fundamentalism.

Question 5

What faction opposed the Social Gospel?

A) Protestant fundamentalists.
B) Catholics.
C) Lutherans.
D) Liberal Evangelicals.

Question 6

In Christianity, the highest goal in life is

A) Orthopraxy rather than orthodoxy.
B) To act in harmony with the will of God through dying and rising with Christ.
C) To find harmony and balance with the laws of nature.
D) To learn from history.

Question 7

The significance of Vatican II was that it

A) Modernized Church facilities.
B) Shored up the Church's antimodernist teachings.
C) Reaffirmed Thomistic theology as the basis of all Catholic teaching.
D) Expressed a new openness to modern trends and ideas.

Question 8

The Old Testament of Christianity is adopted from the sacred writings of what religion?

A) Judaism.
B) Islam.
C) Gnosticism.
D) Zoroastrianism.

Question 9

The Social Gospel movement emerged from the theology of

A) Conservative Evangelicals.
B) Liberal Catholics.
C) Liberal Evangelicals.
D) Conservative Catholics.

Question 10

At a time when Roman rule oppressed the people and they could only see injustice, suffering, and death, the message from Jesus' life offered them, above all else,

A) Platitudes.
B) Sadness.
C) Morals.
D) Hope.

Question 11

Christians represent how much of the world's population?

A) One-half.
B) One-third.
C) One-quarter.
D) One-fifth.

Question 12

The Nazarenes were characterized as being

A) Apocalyptic.
B) Rigidly bound to rules of Judaism.
C) Scholarly.
D) Violent.

Question 13

Which of the four Gospels is believed to have been written last and is radically different in tone, content, and structure from the other three Gospels?

A) Matthew.
B) Luke.
C) John.
D) Mark.

Question 14

Which of the following religions emerged as a religious phenomenon in Persia in the time approximately parallel to that between Moses in the thirteenth century and the Babylonian Exile in the sixth century BCE?

A) Christianity.
B) Zoroastrianism.
C) Islam.
D) Buddhism.

Question 15

Which of the following describes Orthodox Christianity?

A) A belief in original sin.
B) Places ultimate authority in the Pope.
C) Has a mystical emphasis.
D) Jesus Christ is presented primarily as the Lord of History.

Question 16

What was an important result from the Roman emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity?

A) It continued the persecution of Christianity.
B) Christianity immediately became a "permitted" religion.
C) Christianity immediately became the official religion of the empire.
D) Christians saw Romans as evil.

Question 17

The 27 books that became the New Testament were first mentioned together in a bishop's letter in the year

A) 67.
B) 367.
C) 667.
D) 1067.

Question 18

Historians have pointed out that, at the time, the only ones with the power to cause Jesus's crucifixion were the

A) Jews.
B) Zealots.
C) Greeks.
D) Romans.

Question 19

The ruling that Paul won that was decisive for the growth of the Nazarene movement among gentiles was about

A) Church attendance.
B) Circumcision of gentiles.
C) The apocalypse.
D) The bar mitzvah.

Question 20

For centuries, Christians turned to which of the following as a model of conversion and spiritual piety?

A) Augustine's The City of God.
B) Vatican I.
C) Augustine's Confessions.
D) Constantine's deathbed conversion.

Question 21

The premodern religious movement that provided the bridge of civilization between the ancient world and the modern world was

A) Lutheranism.
B) Conservative Evangelicalism.
C) Protestant Evangelicalism.
D) Benedictine monasticism.

Question 22

One way that Augustine's defined "grace" is

A) God making possible what one cannot do oneself.
B) Synchronicity.
C) Divine approval.
D) Divine restlessness.

Question 23

Which of the following is characteristic of Augustine's "two cities"?

A) The city of God should dominate over the city of humanity.
B) The city of humanity should dominate over the city of God.
C) They should work together to transform the world into a Christian one.
D) The emperor always has the final say over the church.

Question 24

According to the text, the three people most responsible for the shape of Western Christianity are

A) Jesus, Paul, and Augustine.
B) Jesus, Paul, and Pope John XXIII.
C) Jesus, Augustine, and John the Baptist.
D) Jesus, John the Baptist, and Paul.

Question 25

Which of the following does NOT apply to Paul?

A) He became the first great missionary of the Christian movement.
B) His letters form about one-quarter of the New Testament.
C) He taught justification by faith.
D) He contributed no writings to the New Testament.

Question 26

In all the major religions, "mysticism" implies that

A) The practitioner can have a direct religious experience without a mediator.
B) One can have only a mediated religious experience.
C) The practitioner should not attend church.
D) The practitioner should attend church.

Question 27

"Outside the church there was no salvation" refers to

A) That the sacraments could only be administered by an ordained Catholic priest.
B) One must belong to a church no matter the denomination.
C) Members of the church must practice forgiveness, as did Jesus.
D) All of the above.

Question 28

Which sacrament was an adaptation of the Jewish blessing of the bread and wine at the Passover meal?

A) Baptism.
B) Communion.
C) Extreme unction.
D) Ordination.

Question 29

During the Middle Ages, the sixth to fourteenth centuries, who was educated and therefore could read?

A) Almost everyone.
B) All clergy and all nobility.
C) Only the elite among the clergy and the nobility.
D) Christians.

Question 30

Rulers of church and state would most likely turn to this work as a model for the political order.

A) The Confessions.
B) The New Testament.
C) The City of God.
D) The Old Testament.

Question 31

The first serious reform movement in the church was

A) Monasticism.
B) Roman Catholicism.
C) Greek Orthodoxy.
D) Lutheranism.

Question 32

Why was December 25 chosen as the birthday of Jesus?

A) It was his known birth date.
B) To honor the winter equinox.
C) To compete with the popular pagan festival honoring the sun god.
D) To avoid competing with Easter.

Question 33

When Christianity waged war on Islam during the Middle Ages, it was called

A) The Middle Ages War.
B) The Medieval War.
C) The Crusades.
D) God's Righteous War.

Question 34

The Book of Revelation can be organized around five sections. The first one is

A) Seven Letters to the Churches.
B) The Sounding of the Seven Trumpets.
C) Genesis.
D) The Opening of the Seven Seals.

Question 35

The roots of the split between faith and science began with

A) The via negativa way of thinking.
B) The via antiqua way of thinking.
C) The nominalists' way of thinking that separated faith and reason.
D) The nominalists' way of thinking that united faith and reason.

Question 36

Which Enlightenment school of thought viewed the world as a clock and God as the divine clockmaker?

A) Deism.
B) Nominalism.
C) Theism.
D) Pietism.

Question 37

Which theologian modeled the way for the entrepreneurs of the new capitalist era he helped to create?

A) Martin Luther.
B) John Calvin.
C) Augustine of Hippo.
D) Ulrich Zwingli.

Question 38

Which of the following describes Martin Luther's declaration and became the central doctrine of the Protestant Reformation?

A) Knowledge of God comes through faith and reason.
B) Knowledge of God comes through reason only.
C) Knowledge of God comes through the church.
D) Knowledge of God comes through faith and scripture.

Question 39

When Marxist socialism swept through Latin America in the early twentieth century, it gave rise to

A) Orthodoxy.
B) Existentialism.
C) Liberation theology.
D) Evangelical charismatic Christianity.

Question 40

"Biblical criticism," as it applies to biblical study, means to find the truth of sacred writings.

Question 41

Most Christians define "sin" in terms of the Nicene Creed.

Question 42

The Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Christianity interpret the Nicene Creed differently with respect to the divine nature of Jesus Christ.

Question 43

Christianity is the largest religion in the world today.

Question 44

In nineteenth-century America the growth of industrialization fueled urbanization, which was accompanied by a dramatic growth in both Protestant and Catholic churches.

Question 45

The highest goal of life in Christianity is to learn from history.

Question 46

The Social Gospel movement was a Catholic fundamentalist response to modernization.

Question 47

Fundamentalists typically interpret the Bible very liberally.

Question 48

Media coverage of the Scopes trial in 1925 made the general public think that fundamentalists were ignorant hillbilly types.

Question 49

The intent of the Second Vatican Council in 1962 was to reinforce the Church's antimodernist teachings.

Question 50

Both Protestant and Catholic antimodernist responses wanted to prevent modernization and historical change from entering the church.

Question 51

Pius IX called the First Vatican Council in 1869 because he felt the Catholic Church had become too strong and powerful.

Question 52

It was 25 years after Jesus's life before the New Testament came into the form that we have now.

Question 53

Matthew and Luke both appear to have used Mark's material as a model in writing their versions of the life of Jesus.

Question 54

The Pharisees were the first Christians.

Question 55

Most of Paul's letters to the churches he founded were lost, and therefore, none made it into the New Testament.

Question 56

Christianity began as a Jewish sectarian movement.

Question 57

Biblical scholars agree that the book of Revelation was written by the apostle John.

Question 58

The Gospel of John was the earliest New Testament writing.

Question 59

Paul argued that gentiles should not have to be circumcised to convert to Christianity.

Question 60

Each Gospel had a single author, whom we know for certain the identity of.

Question 61

The Council of Chalcedon in 451 declared that Jesus was wholly divine.

Question 62

Early Christian teaching typically blamed the Jews for the death of Jesus, a view that contributed to the persecution of Jews throughout much of Western history.

Question 63

Eastern Orthodox Christianity leaves no room for individual mystical experience.

Question 64

The Roman emperor Constantine was the first monarch to champion the rights of Christians.

Question 65

Eastern Christianity decisively and exclusively shaped the road to modernity for Western civilization.

Question 66

The Council of Nicaea in 325 declared that Jesus was not a mortal being.

Question 67

Augustine of Hippo is the one postbiblical theologian who has influenced the shape of Western Christianity more than any other individual.

Question 68

In the Middle Ages, most people learned about religion by reading.

Question 69

Since the time of Augustine, most Christians have assumed that it is the role of Christianity to transform every society into a "Christian society."

Question 70

By witnessing the transformation of the Roman Empire from a pagan empire into a Christian empire, Augustine concluded that God intended to use the Roman Empire to spread the Gospel around the world.

Question 71

The power of Zoroastrianism's Ahura Mazda is opposed by another power, that of the Christian God.

Question 72

Monasticism is the most recent reform movement in the church.

Question 73

The first Christian sacraments could be administered by anyone.

Question 74

Eastern Orthodox Christianity was distinctive for its mystical emphasis.

Question 75

The first followers of Jesus of Nazareth believed that the earth is not at the center of the universe.

Question 76

The first followers of Jesus seemed to have believed Jesus would return very soon to judge the living and the dead.

Question 77

Christianity is known for a peculiar absence of diversity.

Question 78

In 1920 the movement popularly referred to as "fundamentalism" was understood to refer to militantly antimodernist evangelical Protestants.

Question 79

The first monks were community oriented.

Question 80

Idolatry and injustice are two dimensions of _______.