Deck 5: Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia

Question 1

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding schizophrenia?

A) Schizophrenia typically emerges in late childhood.
B) The most distinctive feature of schizophrenia is the presence of disorganized speech and behavior.
C) Children of schizophrenic parents have a tenfold risk of developing the disease.
D) The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide is about 5 percent.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Occasionally, the speech of a schizophrenic can be so disjointed that it is referred to as

A) jumbled speech.
B) word salad.
C) speech derailment.
D) None of the above is correct

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are characterized by

A) their likeliness to be eliminated with drug treatment.
B) behavior that is not typically disruptive.
C) excessive or distorted behavior.
D) a lack of appropriate behaviors.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are characterized by

A) their unlikeliness to be eliminated with drug treatment.
B) behavior that is not typically disruptive.
C) excessive or distorted behavior.
D) absent or deficient behavior.

Question 5

All of the following are negative schizophrenic symptoms EXCEPT

A) muted expression.
B) lack of speech.
C) avolition.
D) catatonic behavior.

Question 6

All of the following were treatments used for schizophrenia prior to the 1950s EXCEPT

A) insulin shock.
B) frontal lobotomy.
C) physical restraint.
D) phenothiazines.

Question 7

Antonio Moniz received the Nobel Prize in 1949 for his use of ________ as a treatment for schizophrenia.

A) frontal lobotomy
B) electric shock therapy
C) chlorpromazine
D) clozapine

Question 8

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia proposes that schizophrenia is a consequence of

A) abnormally low dopamine activity.
B) excessive dopamine receptors in certain brain regions.
C) excessive dopamine activity in the striatum and mesolimbic pathways.
D) excessive dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex.

Question 9

An experimental procedure where amphetamines are administered to schizophrenic patients to measure dopamine release is called

A) amphetamine sensitization.
B) amphetamine challenge.
C) receptor challenge.
D) amphetamine psychosis.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding evidence supporting the dopamine hypothesis?

A) Amphetamine overdose appears similar to paranoid schizophrenia.
B) Drugs that block dopamine receptors are effective in eliminating symptoms.
C) Schizophrenic patients do not release dopamine after amphetamine administration.
D) Schizophrenic patients tend to have more dopamine receptors than normal controls.

Question 11

According to the dopamine hypothesis, the negative symptoms of schizophrenia result from ________ activity in ________.

A) hyperdopaminergic; the prefrontal cortex
B) hypodopaminergic; the mesolimbic system.
C) hypodopaminergic; mesocortical pathways to the prefrontal cortex
D) None of the above is correct

Question 12

Evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that schizophrenia is associated with

A) global, rather than localized, EEG responses to stimuli.
B) eye-movement problems that impair the ability to track objects.
C) hypoactive prefrontal cortices.
D) a deficit in stimulus perception and cognitive processing.

Question 13

Glutamate excitotoxicity is neuronal damage to cells as a consequence of

A) excessive and prolonged glutamate activity.
B) insufficient glutamate activity.
C) hyperactivity of mesolimbic dopamine neurons.
D) excessive GABA activity in the thalamus.

Question 14

Schizophrenic patients have depressed numbers of NMDA receptors in the ________ and the ________.

A) thalamus; frontal cortex
B) hippocampus; thalamus
C) medulla; hippocampus
D) frontal cortex; medulla

Question 15

The antipsychotic effects of phenothiazines are mediated by their antagonism of ________ receptors.

A) D₁
B) D₂
C) D₃
D) D₄

Question 16

It is estimated that the phenothiazine dose required to obtain a therapeutic effect must be sufficient to occupy between ________ and ________ percent of D₂ receptors.

A) 25; 35
B) 35; 45
C) 50; 60
D) 70; 80

Question 17

Phenothiazines

A) can cause serious and often debilitating motor effects seen in Parkinson's disease.
B) include the medications risperidone and aripiprazole.
C) are sometimes referred to as atypical antipsychotics.
D) have fewer side effects than the new generation antipsychotics.

Question 18

Extrapyramidal symptoms are debilitating motor disruptions that are

A) caused in the pyramidal tracks descending from the medulla.
B) not caused in the motor system itself.
C) caused by damage to neurons above the pyramidal tracks.
D) None of the above is correct

Question 19

Long-term treatment with phenothiazines may cause

A) severe memory deficits.
B) sexual dysfunction.
C) Parkinson's disease.
D) tardive dyskinesia.

Question 20

Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by

A) facial tics.
B) tongue extensions.
C) rapid eye blinking.
D) All of the above are correct

Question 21

________ was the first antipsychotic that appeared to improve the symptoms of schizophrenia without causing severe Parkinsonian-like effects.

A) Haloperidol
B) Chlorpromazine
C) Risperidone
D) Clozapine

Question 22

New generation antipsychotic drugs, such as clozapine, do not cause severe motor dysfunction because they

A) bind more tightly to D₂ receptors.
B) don't block dopamine activity.
C) are less competitive than dopamine in the basal ganglia.
D) agonize serotonin more than dopamine.

Question 23

Which of the following is a serious side effect that can be caused by clozapine?

A) Agranulocytosis
B) Excessive oxidative stress to white blood cells
C) Tardive dyskinesia
D) Both a and b are correct

Question 24

Which of the following antipsychotics has NOT been approved by the FDA?

A) Amisulpride
B) Clozapine
C) Risperidone
D) Haloperidol

Question 25

The most predictive feature of an antipsychotic's propensity to cause extrapyramidal symptoms is

A) how tightly it competes for D₂ receptors in the basal ganglia.
B) its affinity for serotonergic receptors.
C) its affinity for cholinergic receptors.
D) its antagonism of 5-HTᴀ₂ receptors.

Question 26

It is alleged that glutamate dysfunction in the thalamus and hippocampus leads to ________ activity in the cortex and to the development of negative symptoms in later stages of schizophrenia.

A) decreased BDNF
B) excessive dopamine
C) excitotoxic glutamate
D) Both a and c are correct

Question 27

Animals pretreated with ________ also demonstrate schizophrenia-like responses.

A) dopamine antagonists
B) amphetamines
C) phenothiazines
D) nicotine

Question 28

An animal model of psychosis that has proven useful in investigating the effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs is

A) prepulse inhibition.
B) forced swimming.
C) the elevated maze.
D) None of the above is correct

Question 29

________ is an experimental procedure in which schizophrenics who have undergone drug treatment respond with a smaller startle response than untreated schizophrenics to a sudden noise that is preceded by a warning signal.

A) Sensitization
B) Habituation
C) Prepulse inhibition
D) Reactive inhibition

Question 30

About ________ to ________ percent of schizophrenic patients eventually respond to medication.

A) 10; 15
B) 30; 45
C) 75; 85
D) 80; 100