Deck 3: Are More People Getting High Drug and Alcohol Abuse

Question 1

The recent opioid crisis and its derivatives are part of a long-standing trend in American culture where

A) we approach new drug epidemics with rationality and confidence that we can overcome any temporary trends of misuse of substances.
B) all use of medications or recreational substances is frowned upon and stigmatized.
C) we have routinely grappled with some type of drug that was seen as a public health hazard based on our historical fascination and fear of drug use.
D) we are constantly moving forward and evolving as a society in the avoidance, prevention, and treatment of drug addiction.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What social problem is related to drug abuse in terms of American culture's challenges with making long-term lifestyle changes?

A) Obesity and related ailments
B) Cybercrime
C) Breakdown of the "traditional" family
D) Elder abuse

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Drug abuse is characterized by

A) inappropriate use or misuse of legal or illegal substances.
B) inappropriate use or misuse of illegal substances.
C) any use of any clinical or brain-altering substance other than that prescribed by a medical professional.
D) any use that breaks any laws or codified offenses.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The sharp rise in heroin abuse in recent years stems in large part from

A) alcoholism.
B) opioid prescription addiction.
C) gateway drug use in one's adolescent years.
D) family and employment challenges.

Question 5

What is the good news about tobacco use in recent years?

A) Global use of tobacco has declined.
B) Young people are not drawn to or at risk from the products.
C) The legal age for tobacco use has been increased.
D) US rates of use by adults have dropped over the past decade.

Question 6

What is the proportion of people aged 15 and over smoke are in what are known as low- and middle-income countries?

A) 80%
B) 60%
C) 40%
D) 20%

Question 7

What is the most commonly used tobacco product among US adults?

A) Smokeless chewing tobacco
B) Nicotine gum
C) Tobacco lozenges
D) Cigarettes

Question 8

How many deaths per year are caused by cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke exposure in the U.S.?

A) 10,000
B) 150,000
C) 480,000
D) 720,000

Question 9

Cigarette smokers on average die _____ than non-smokers.

A) 10 to 12 years earlier
B) 5 to 7 years earlier
C) more suddenly
D) in more acute pain

Question 10

Which racial/ethnic group has the highest percentage of persons over age 18 who smoke cigarettes daily or some days?

A) Hispanic
B) Black
C) White
D) American Indian/Alaska Native

Question 11

From the 1950s to 1990s, lawsuits against the tobacco industry typically resulted in

A) major pay-outs to all consumers from tobacco companies.
B) rulings against plaintiffs that protected tobacco companies.
C) substantial reductions of the harmful substances in the manufacturing of cigarettes, making them less unhealthy.
D) closed settlements where tobacco companies agreed to reimburse families for health care costs and lost wages if a relative had died due to smoking-related illness.

Question 12

In response to being held accountable for failure to inform the public of the harmful effects of tobacco use, tobacco companies have

A) pivoted to tobacco use prevention efforts and promotion of safer and nicotine-free herbal products.
B) re-branded tobacco products such as e-cigarettes and focused on marketing products in other countries.
C) been extremely careful to limit and prevent youth consumption of tobacco products.
D) all but gone completely out of business permanently.

Question 13

Typical vaping e-cigarettes contain

A) a combination of clean nicotine and caffeine.
B) clean nicotine and nothing else.
C) healthy herbal tinctures for a soothing and calming effect.
D) not only nicotine, but also cancer-causing compounds and heavy metals such as nickel, tin, and lead.

Question 14

What is the common practice of 'dual use' for the majority of adult e-cigarette users?

A) Adding marijuana to e-cigarettes
B) Using both cigarettes and e-cigarettes regularly
C) Drinking alcohol regularly when smoking and vice versa
D) Starting to smoke e-cigarettes and drink alcohol during adolescence

Question 15

Recently there has been an increase in the popularity of the various types of smokeless tobacco. Unlike the type that is burned, smokeless tobacco

A) is sucked or chewed.
B) is swallowed in pill form.
C) is added chemically to chips and baked goods.
D) is added to drinks.

Question 16

Alcohol has not always been legal in the U.S. During the 1920s, a constitutional amendment was passed that banned the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol until the 1930s, known as

A) The New Deal.
B) Awakening.
C) The Great Recession.
D) Prohibition.

Question 17

According to a 2017 study in JAMA Psychiatry, nearly _____ of the US population meets the criteria for abusing alcohol.

A) 8%
B) 13%
C) 25%
D) 35%

Question 18

Which subgroup has higher alcohol disorder rates relative to other subgroups?

A) Asian Americans compared to other race/ethnic groups
B) Middle-class adults compared to other income level groups
C) Men compared to women (though women's rates have increased)
D) People in the Northeast compared to other US regions

Question 19

According to the National Transportation and Safety Board, how many people die every day in the U.S. in automobile accidents that involve alcohol?

A) Nearly 10
B) Nearly 30
C) About 120
D) Approximately 200

Question 20

How is Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) measured?

A) It is derived from the weight of the alcohol in a certain volume of drawn and tested blood.
B) It is a calculation based on drinks consumed, time period, body weight, and sex.
C) Most BAC is based on reports of what drinks and what quantity were consumed by an individual.
D) The best measure is by amount of alcohol on one's breath as tested by a breathalyzer.

Question 21

The groups with the highest involvement in fatal vehicle crashes as a result of alcohol are those drivers

A) newly licensed drivers with less driving experience (regardless of age).
B) over the age of 55.
C) under the age of 21 and those ages 21-34.
D) between ages 45 and 64.

Question 22

What have states done to curb underage drinking and driving in the U.S.?

A) Lower BAC legal limits for drivers under age 21
B) Holding sellers and servers accountable for injuries or deaths caused by any alcohol-impaired driver who was a customer
C) Holding individuals serving liquor in their homes as liable for any injuries or deaths caused by any alcohol-impaired driver who was a guest or served by the individual
D) All of the above

Question 23

Which medication approved for treating alcohol dependence helps people reduce heavy drinking?

A) Escitalopram
B) Disulfiram
C) Acamprosate
D) Naltrexone

Question 24

Which medication approved for treating alcohol dependence makes it easier for people to maintain their abstinence?

A) Escitalopram
B) Disulfiram
C) Acamprosate
D) Naltrexone

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a feature of behavioral treatment for alcohol dependence?

A) Developing and enhancing the skills needed to stop or reduce drinking
B) Building a strong social support system
C) Collaborating with employers for sober supervision
D) Addressing issues related to relapse

Question 26

One critique of Alcoholics Anonymous is that it was originally intended for chronic and severe drinkers, but now is being applied more broadly. For example, how many members are attending AA due to court order?

A) 12%
B) 20%
C) 38%
D) 52%

Question 27

How have US alcoholism rates changed in recent years?

A) Rates have gone up.
B) Rates have stayed about the same.
C) Rates are worse from some groups but much better for others.
D) Rates have gone down.

Question 28

Opioids are drugs formulated to replicate the pain-reducing properties of opium. They include

A) any product derived from the poppy plant.
B) illegal drugs like heroin or illicitly-made fentanyl, but not legal substances.
C) legal painkillers prescribed by doctors for acute or chronic pain (such as morphine, oxycodone, or hydrocodone), but not illegal substances.
D) both legal painkillers prescribed by doctors for acute or chronic pain (such as morphine, oxycodone, or hydrocodone) as well as illegal drugs like heroin or illicitly-made fentanyl.

Question 29

While heroin addiction has been a problem for years, and knowledge of its impact on people's lives is well-documented, the recent problem relating to opioids stems from

A) more people becoming unemployed and/or suffering from depression or other psychological disorders who turn to opioids as a coping mechanism.
B) the vast over-supply of cheap imported heroin in America's cities and towns.
C) the availability of synthetic drugs that are prescribed by physicians to treat legitimate illnesses such as back pain, the impact of surgical procedures, and other ailments.
D) all of the above.

Question 30

Heroin is a common drug addiction for those who were already addicted to prescription pain killers because

A) it gives a better high.
B) it is cheaper and easier to access than prescription drugs.
C) it is more effective at killing pain for those suffering from illness or injury.
D) the combination of the two drugs together is a better, longer-lasting high.

Question 31

What is fentanyl?

A) A low-dose street opioid that many people take daily on a type of maintenance plan
B) The generic term for oxycodone (Percocet)
C) A synthetic (man-made) opioid that is 50-100 times more powerful than morphine and often lethal even in small amounts
D) A commonly prescribed painkiller that heroin is meant to duplicate in effect

Question 32

What did the 21^st Century Cures Act of 2016 do?

A) Blocked drug companies from the production or sale of addictive opioids with a phase-out period starting in 2018.
B) Established education programs for physicians to train them on responsible prescription painkiller practices for their patients.
C) Spread messaging through television and social media about the dangers of opioid use and abuse.
D) Allocated $1 billion over two years in opioid crisis grants to states, providing funding for expanded treatment and prevention programs.

Question 33

What was the legal strategy to hold prescription drug companies accountable for the opioid crisis even though the drugs were approved by the FDA?

A) Class action suits brought against a drug company by a large group of individuals with similar issues with a given drug.
B) Small claims suits where each individual would bring their own charges to drug companies.
C) Governments suing on behalf of individuals and families to reimburse them for damages and suffering.
D) Suits against the FDA for approving the drugs and not providing enough information about the risks of their use.

Question 34

In 2012, _____ became the first two states to legalize marijuana for adult use.

A) Colorado and Washington
B) Alaska and Hawaii
C) Vermont and Connecticut
D) New York and California

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT something argued by advocates in favor of legalizing marijuana?

A) Would allow for drug regulation and also safe clinical use.
B) Addresses the problem of disproportionality since African Americans are more likely to be arrested for marijuana possession.
C) Would demystify the drug and actually drive marijuana use down.
D) Would generate tax revenue and provide jobs.

Question 36

What is decriminalization?

A) It is the regulated legal use of marijuana for medicinal purposes as prescribed by a medical professional.
B) For past cases found to be extreme in punishment (such as long sentences for possession of a small quantity of marijuana), this would clear people's records and prompt early prison release.
C) It means technically marijuana use and distribution are still illegal, but law enforcement and court systems avoid addressing the issue entirely.
D) This strategy does not punish offenders for possession of small amounts of marijuana for personal use. It is a "soft" policy of increased tolerance instead of a hardline approach that involves aggressive law enforcement and criminal prosecution.

Question 37

In 1973, New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller took this dramatic stance against drug users and dealers which became popular in other states as well.

A) Mandatory life sentences for all dealers or drug distributors, and minimum 15 years for users caught in their second (or later) offenses.
B) Mandatory prison sentences of 15 years to life for drug dealers and addicts of any kind- even for offenders arrested for possession of small amounts of marijuana, cocaine, or heroin.
C) Mandatory in-patient drug rehabilitation for 120 days followed by minimum 10-year prison sentence-both doubled with subsequent offenses and for more addictive substances such as cocaine or heroin.
D) Mandatory drug-testing for the rest of one's life for cocaine or heroin users with prison as punishment for positive results; mandatory life sentence for dealers or drug distributors resulting in government seizure of cash and/or drugs valued in excess of $200,000 at time of arrest.

Question 38

One critical consequence of the War on Drugs has been the creation of disparities of punishment for those who have been arrested for drug offenses, particularly possession. For example, despite consistent evidence that drug use patterns between Whites and Blacks are remarkably similar

A) Black people typically receive better legal representation against drug offenses than Whites.
B) Whites are more likely to be arrested for marijuana use than Blacks.
C) Black people charged with crack cocaine possession are given the same sentences on average as Whites found with 18 times the amount of powder cocaine.
D) Black people charged with crack cocaine possession are given longer sentences as Whites found with 18 times the amount of powder cocaine.

Question 39

Functionalists contend that the existence of a condition or phenomenon over time likely means that it serves some useful purpose for the growth and survival of society. Each of the following is a noted potential function of drug abuse except

A) survival of the fittest whereby stronger people do not fall prey to drug addiction.
B) the associated benefits of prescription drugs such as preventing and curing disease.
C) profits underwrite additional research to find new treatments for more conditions including addiction.
D) drugs and even their abuse are beneficial for those who make money from growing, processing, distributing, and selling them.

Question 40

Which theory contends that the tobacco industry and the drug manufacturers related to the opioid crisis are proof that the profits generated from these products result in virtual immunity from any meaningful level of accountability, despite the harm they inflict on the public?

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Critical race theory

Question 41

Though legal, alcohol is an unhealthy substance to consume. Similarly, more Americans are convinced than ever before that marijuana should be made legal. Which theory would explore the context behind these changing social views?

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Critical race theory

Question 42

Which of the following would NOT be an insight offered by critical race theorists?

A) Racial/ethnic minorities are more deficient and vulnerable to drug abuse because of their oppressed social positions.
B) The crack cocaine epidemic that impacted more of the African American community in the 1980s did not garner nearly as much attention or resources as issues facing more White people.
C) Despite similar rates of use, racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to be arrested for the possession of marijuana and more likely to be charged for this offense than Whites.
D) Because the opioid crisis seems to affect more Whites than any other racial/ethnic group, there is a much more intense public health urgency with considerable resources and effort directed.

Question 43

A 2016 report by the Surgeon General's Office indicates that _____ of people in the U.S. who have a drug use disorder can get specialty treatment.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 35%
D) 50%

Question 44

What stigma is associated with addiction medication treatments for drug addiction such as buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone?

A) Drug users are embarrassed to transition away from the substance of their addiction that is also used by their peers.
B) Many argue that treating addiction with medications is simply replacing reliance on one drug with another.
C) These drugs are not shown to be effective and could in fact do more harm than good.
D) This feels like the easy way out for many addicts and most feel they need to earn their sobriety "the hard way."

Question 45

What additional intervention increased the efficacy of a smoking cessation effort involving the use of nicotine replacement therapy?

A) Money prizes for people who succeeded in quitting smoking after a designated amount of time
B) The threat of legal charges based on exposing others to second-hand smoke
C) Counseling and support delivered via Twitter
D) A diet and exercise regimen

Question 46

What population and context has yielded promising results in encouraging people to quit smoking?

A) Members of the military
B) Prisons and jails
C) Summer youth camps
D) Patients who are already hospitalized

Question 47

In which state is the Addiction and Recovery Treatment Services (ARTS) located?

A) Virginia
B) Nevada
C) Illinois
D) Massachusetts

Question 48

The Addiction and Recovery Treatment Services (ARTS) has documented each of the following outcomes except

A) increased public awareness about the risk of ever taking any prescription painkillers.
B) increased treatment rates for Medicaid members with opioid use disorders.
C) decreased emergency department visits related to opioid use disorders.
D) new Medicaid guidelines for providers regarding when and in what quantity to prescribe painkillers, to prevent opioid use disorders.