Deck 21: Household Chemicals

Question 1

Floating soaps are

A)composed of short chain fatty acids.
B)composed of branched chain fatty acids.
C)blown with air during processing.
D)detergents.

Answer 1

blown with air during processing.

Question 2

One of the major problems with the use of household chemicals is

A)they are toxic.
B)consumers often fail to read directions and warnings.
C)they do not perform well.
D)all of the above

Answer 2

consumers often fail to read directions and warnings.

Question 3

Soap is

A)a glycerol ester.
B)a salt of a fatty acid.
C)lithium sulfate.
D)glycerol.

Answer 3

a salt of a fatty acid.

Question 4

In hard water,soaps are converted to

A)insoluble salts.
B)bases.
C)lye.
D)anhydrides.

Question 5

In cleaning,soap acts as a(n)________ between "dirt" and water.

A)catalyst
B)chemical reactant
C)emulsifier
D)insulator

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of soap? Soap is

A)biodegradable.
B)derived from renewable resources.
C)an excellent cleaner in hard water.
D)relatively nontoxic.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about soaps and detergents is NOT true?

A)The hydrophilic end has the hydrocarbon chain.
B)The hydrophilic end is ionic.
C)The hydrophobic end has the hydrocarbon chain.
D)Soaps form micelles in solution.

Question 8

The majority of household chemicals are

A)cleaning agents.
B)laundry products.
C)cosmetics.
D)paints.

Question 9

Water softeners

A)remove "hard" ions.
B)destroy "hard" ions.
C)modify "hard" ions.
D)Water softeners do all of the above.

Question 10

The substance with the formula shown below is a(n)
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH

A)alcohol.
B)detergent.
C)saponin.
D)fatty acid.

Question 11

An advantage of potassium soaps is that they are ________ than sodium soaps.

A)softer
B)harder
C)more neutral
D)stronger

Question 12

Bathtub ring is caused by

A)the action of ammonia with water.
B)precipitation of soap by "hard" metal ions.
C)rust formation from sulfur in the water.
D)soap and water cause a ringing sound in the ears.

Question 13

Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)and potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃)react with water to form an alkaline solution that has detergent properties.These compounds are present in

A)detergents.
B)lye based soaps.
C)saponins.
D)plant ashes.

Question 14

Washing soda is

A)sodium peroxide.
B)sodium carbonate.
C)sodium borate.
D)sodium chloride.

Question 15

Soap can be made by boiling animal fat with lye or potash for several hours.What is the major disadvantage to the lye soap made this way?

A)It did not clean well.
B)It often contained unreacted alkali, which was very harsh on the skin.
C)Glycerol separated out from the soap and remained on the bottom of the kettle.
D)It did not kill bacteria.

Question 16

Water softeners remove all of the following ions EXCEPT

A)Ca²⁺.
B)Fe²⁺.
C)Mg²⁺.
D)Na⁺.

Question 17

Animal fats and vegetable oil can be converted to soaps by reaction with

A)sodium hydroxide.
B)sodium carbonate.
C)sodium hyperchlorite.
D)sodium phosphate.

Question 18

The molecule shown below is a(n)

A)detergent.
B)saponin.
C)soap.
D)esterester.

Question 19

In acidic solutions,soaps are converted to

A)salts.
B)fatty acids.
C)detergents.
D)fats.

Question 20

American pioneers combined potash solution and animal fat in a huge iron kettle and cooked it over several hours.The result was

A)detergent.
B)soap.
C)cooking oil.
D)food for animals.

Question 21

The molecule shown below is a

A)soap.
B)detergent.
C)fatty acid.
D)polymer.

Question 22

Automatic dishwashing detergents are

A)similar to detergents for hand washing.
B)relatively strong bases.
C)relatively strong acids.
D)safe for hand washing of dishes.

Question 23

The active ingredient in chlorine laundry bleaches is

A)chlorine, Cl₂.
B)sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl.
C)sodium chloride, NaCl.
D)a mixture of CFCs.

Question 24

Substances added to surfactants to increase their detergency are

A)brighteners.
B)builders.
C)emulsifiers.
D)enzymes.

Question 25

Sequestration is

A)precipitating magnesium and calcium ions.
B)when sodium and lithium ions are tied up in soluble complexes.
C)when calcium and magnesium ions are tied up in soluble complexes.
D)a nonionic surfactant.

Question 26

A problem with ABS detergents is that they

A)are toxic.
B)do not degrade readily.
C)contain phosphates.
D)are less effective in hard water.

Question 27

Why are perborate bleaches better for white,resin-treated,polyester-cotton fabrics than chlorine bleaches?

A)Chlorine bleaches release a toxic gas when in contact with this type of fabric.
B)Chlorine bleaches ruin the fabric.
C)Oxygen bleaches are cheaper.
D)The fabric lasts longer.

Question 28

Which of the following forms a strongly caustic solution when mixed with water?

A)automatic dishwashing detergent
B)liquid dishwashing detergent
C)liquid clothing detergent
D)bath soap

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a component of detergents for washing dishes by hand?

A)enzymes
B)fragrances
C)strong alkalis
D)surfactants

Question 30

Which of the following statements is NOT true for fabric softeners?

A)They are anionic surfactants.
B)They are quaternary salts.
C)They form a film which lubricates the fibers in the fabric.
D)They have two long hydrocarbon chains.

Question 31

The major advantage of LAS detergents over ABS detergents is that they

A)are effective in hard water.
B)are soil based.
C)are biodegradable.
D)lack phosphates.

Question 32

Which water softener "ties up" calcium ions and keeps them in solution?

A)sodium carbonate
B)sodium phosphate
C)fatty acids
D)zeolites

Question 33

Optical brighteners work by

A)absorbing blue rays and ultraviolet rays.
B)absorbing ultraviolet rays and emitting blue rays.
C)spontaneously emitting blue rays when they attach to clothing fibers.
D)spontaneously emitting ultraviolet rays when they attach to clothing fibers.

Question 34

Optical brighteners are often added to

A)detergents.
B)soaps.
C)cosmetics.
D)They are added to all of the above.

Question 35

Cationic surfactants are not good detergents but are used mainly for their ________ action.

A)cleaning
B)menthol
C)germicidal
D)darkening

Question 36

Which of the following categories of surfactants gives the least amount of sudsing?

A)amphoteric surfactants
B)anionic surfactants
C)cationic surfactants
D)nonionic surfactants

Question 37

The active ingredient in oxygen bleaches is

A)NaOCl.
B)NaBO₂ ∙ H₂O₂.
C)O₂.
D)Na₃PO₄.

Question 38

Quaternary salts with two long carbon chains and two smaller chains on the nitrogen are used as

A)bleaches.
B)analgesics.
C)fabric softeners.
D)weed killers.

Question 39

Soaps are

A)anionic surfactants.
B)nonionic surfactants.
C)neutral surfactants.
D)positive surfactants.

Question 40

Detergents are better cleaners than soaps in

A)hard water.
B)soft water.
C)alkaline water.
D)all of the above

Question 41

Which of the following is no longer used as a component of paint?

A)polymers
B)2PbCO₃ ∙ Pb(OH)₂
C)tung oil
D)ester

Question 42

Which one of the following is NOT considered a cosmetic?

A)soap
B)lipstick
C)toothpaste
D)facial cream

Question 43

All of the following are used as binders for paint EXCEPT

A)acrylic resins.
B)linseed oil.
C)polyvinyl acetate.
D)All of the above are binders.

Question 44

Household ammonia solutions are

A)acidic.
B)basic.
C)neutral.
D)oxidizing agents.

Question 45

Which of the following is a hazard of using organic solvents in the home? Organic solvents are

A)flammable.
B)toxic.
C)volatile.
D)All of the above are hazards.

Question 46

What type of chemical is most effective in removing the build-up of "lime" that is often found in toilet bowls?

A)an abrasive
B)an acid
C)a base
D)a bleach

Question 47

Baking soda can be used as

A)an automatic dishwashing detergent.
B)a germicide.
C)a substance to absorb odor.
D)an acid.

Question 48

Which of the following ingredients is NOT found in drain cleaners?

A)aluminum filings
B)bleach
C)HCl
D)NaOH

Question 49

A wax is a(n)

A)ether made from two long-chain alcohols.
B)ester made from a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol.
C)long-chain compound that contains both an alcohol group and an amino group.
D)amide made from a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain amine.

Question 50

A molecule that contains only C,H and O atoms will degrade most quickly if its structure

A)is a straight chain.
B)contains many branches.
C)contains rings.
D)also has halogen atoms.

Question 51

The main ingredient in oven cleaners is

A)acetic acid (vinegar).
B)bleach.
C)citric acid.
D)sodium hydroxide.

Question 52

Bleaches are

A)oxidizing agents.
B)reducing agents.
C)brighteners.
D)detergents.

Question 53

When we buy products for household use,we should avoid products whose packaging is

A)reusable.
B)recyclable.
C)degradable.
D)longest lasting.

Question 54

The abrasive in commercial powdered cleansers is often

A)sodium carbonate.
B)baking powder.
C)charcoal.
D)gold metal.

Question 55

Lanolin comes from

A)beeswax.
B)palm tree leaves.
C)sheep's wool.
D)sea urchins.

Question 56

A green product would most likely NOT contain which of the following?

A)a natural scent
B)materials derived from plant sources
C)degradable ingredients
D)volatile hydrocarbons

Question 57

Fabric softeners are

A)potassium salts of long chain fatty acids.
B)oxidizing agents.
C)quaternary salts with two long carbon chains and two smaller chains on the nitrogen.
D)nonionic surfactants.

Question 58

Which of the following ingredients will NOT be found in paint?

A)white lead
B)titanium dioxide
C)a solvent
D)a binder

Question 59

Bleaches work by

A)changing the structure of color-producing groups called chromophores to make them colorless.
B)acting directly on the soiled spot to remove the soil.
C)changing the stains so that they absorb UV light and then release blue light.
D)covering the stains with quaternary ammonium ions so that they are no longer visible.

Question 60

A cleaning product that may contain either ammonia or vinegar in a dilute solution of isopropyl (rubbing)alcohol would be used as a(n)

A)toilet bowl cleaner.
B)oven cleaner.
C)glass cleaner.
D)drain cleaner.

Question 61

Skin moisturizers

A)add moisture to skin.
B)prevent loss of moisture from skin.
C)cause skin to produce more water.
D)do all of the above.

Question 62

Which generally does NOT need to be proven safe and effective before marketing?

A)cosmetic
B)drug
C)food additive
D)a cooking oil

Question 63

Astringents are used primarily in

A)perfumes.
B)lipsticks.
C)antiperspirants.
D)hair spray.

Question 64

Emollients are

A)artificial skin.
B)skin plasticizers.
C)skin coatings.
D)skin catalysts.

Question 65

A cosmetic that is a suspension of oil in water is called a

A)wax.
B)lotion.
C)lanolin.
D)cream.

Question 66

Deodorants act by

A)breaking down odorous chemicals as they are produced.
B)destroying odor-causing bacteria.
C)producing enzymes.
D)reacting with sweat glands to stop perspiration.

Question 67

The outer layer of skin is called the

A)exoskin.
B)episkin.
C)epidermis.
D)exodermis.

Question 68

A typical ingredient in skin lotions and creams is

A)palm oil.
B)pork fat.
C)corn oil.
D)walnut oil.

Question 69

Exposure of skin to UV radiation does NOT cause

A)melanin production.
B)increased risk of skin cancer.
C)premature aging of skin.
D)a reverse in the aging process.

Question 70

The ideal moisture content of skin is approximately

A)3%.
B)10%.
C)16%.
D)75%.

Question 71

Skin cream and lipsticks have approximately the same basic composition.What is added to lipsticks to make them more firm?

A)wax
B)cellulose
C)petroleum jelly
D)abrasive

Question 72

The oil secreted by glands in the skin is called

A)sweat.
B)sebum.
C)melanin.
D)musk.

Question 73

White eye shadow is "colored" with titanium dioxide or

A)lampblack.
B)chromic oxide.
C)lead sulfide.
D)zinc oxide.

Question 74

Sunscreens contain chemicals that

A)absorb both UV-A and UV-B rays.
B)absorb neither UV-A nor UV-B rays.
C)inhibit melanin production in the skin.
D)promote melanin production in skin.

Question 75

A cosmetic that is a suspension of water in oil is called a

A)cream.
B)sunscreen.
C)moisturizer.
D)wax.

Question 76

Which is NOT a cosmetic?

A)antidandruff shampoo
B)lipstick
C)blush
D)perfume

Question 77

The active ingredient in almost all antiperspirants is

A)aluminum chlorohydrate.
B)ethanol.
C)ethylene oxide.
D)aluminum oxide.

Question 78

The layer of skin that contains sweat glands and hair follicles is the

A)apocrine.
B)dermis.
C)epidermis.
D)eccrine.

Question 79

Powdered eye shadows have ________ as a base.

A)talc
B)sugar
C)corn starch
D)peanut oil

Question 80

A major problem with eye makeups is

A)bacterial contamination after extended use.
B)color fading.
C)allergic reactions.
D)all of the above