Deck 19: The Beginnings of Modernization: Industrialization and Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century

Question 1

Why was Great Britain the first of the world's nation to industrialize? Be specific,giving examples.

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

In your opinion,which was the most liberal and which was the most conservative nation in Europe in the nineteenth century.Define your terms and be specific.

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

What were the major ideas associated with conservatism,liberalism,and nationalism,and what role did each ideology play in Europe between 1800 and 1870? What were the causes of the revolutions of 1848,and why did these revolutions fail? In what ways was the development of industrialization related to the growth of nationalism?

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

"In 1848,Italy was made a nation,but it did not make Italians." Discuss the implications of the quotation.

Question 5

Identify the following terms.
James Watt

Question 6

What were the basic features of the new industrial system created by the Industrial Revolution,and what effects did the new system have on urban life,social classes,family life,and standards of living? What factors determined that the Industrial Revolution began where,as,and when it did?

Question 7

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideologies of conservatism,liberalism,and nationalism,and how were these ideas put into practice in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 8

What challenges did the Ottoman Empire face in the nineteenth century and how did it affect the stability of Europe?

Question 9

What was the Second Industrial Revolution,and what effects did it have on economic and social life? What are the major similarities and differences between the First and Second Industrial Revolutions? How did industrialization influence social structures and the nature of urban life in Europe?

Question 10

Identify the following terms.
the industrial middle class/bourgeoisie

Question 11

Identify the following terms.
George Stephenson's Rocket

Question 12

What actions did Cavour and Bismarck take to bring about unification in Italy and Germany,respectively,and what role did war play in their efforts? Compare and contrast the processes and results of national unification in Italy and Germany.Did liberalism and nationalism relate in the same way in each society?

Question 13

Identify the following terms.
India and cotton cloth

Question 14

How and why did revolution develop in Europe in 1848? Why didn't it occur in England during that year?

Question 15

What were the main ideas of Karl Marx,and what role did they play in politics and the union movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Question 16

Identify the following terms.
joint-stock investment banks

Question 17

Between 1871 and 1914,two major domestic political goals involved the achievement of liberal practices and the growth of political democracy.To what extent were these realized in Great Britain,France,Germany,Austria-Hungary,and Russia?

Question 18

Identify the following terms.
Henry Cort and puddling

Question 19

How,when,and why did industrialization spread beyond Britain?

Question 20

Identify the following terms.
spinning jenny and power loom

Question 21

Identify the following terms.
Frankfurt Assembly

Question 22

Identify the following terms.
Klemens von Metternich and the "principle of legitimacy"

Question 23

Identify the following terms.
utopian socialists and Robert Owen

Question 24

Identify the following terms.
Piedmont-Sardinia

Question 25

Identify the following terms.
German Social Democratic Party and Marxist revisionists

Question 26

Identify the following terms.
Marxism and class struggle

Question 27

Identify the following terms.
Concert of Europe

Question 28

Identify the following terms.

-steel,electricity,the internal combustion engine

Question 29

Identify the following terms.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels's The Communist Manifesto

Question 30

Identify the following terms.
"nationalism"

Question 31

Identify the following terms.
the "Eastern Question"

Question 32

Identify the following terms.
Louis-Philippe

Question 33

Identify the following terms.
Crimean War

Question 34

Identify the following terms.
Sergei Witte

Question 35

Identify the following terms.
Ottoman Empire

Question 36

Identify the following terms.
Congress of Vienna

Question 37

Identify the following terms.
"liberalism"

Question 38

Identify the following terms.
Florence Nightingale

Question 39

Identify the following terms.
"conservatism"

Question 40

Identify the following terms.
the industrial working class

Question 41

Identify the following terms.
Victor Emmanuel II

Question 42

Identify the following terms.
Triple Alliance

Question 43

Identify the following terms.
Schleswig-Holstein

Question 44

Identify the following terms.
Britain's Labour Party

Question 45

Identify the following terms.
Realpolitik

Question 46

Identify the following terms.
National Insurance Act,1911

Question 47

Identify the following terms.
France's Third Republic

Question 48

Identify the following terms.
Battles of Königgrätz and Sedan

Question 49

Identify the following terms.
Westernizers and Slavophiles

Question 50

Identify the following terms.
the Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich

Question 51

Identify the following terms.
Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi

Question 52

Identify the following terms.
Emperor William II of Germany and Germany's "place in the sun"

Question 53

Identify the following terms.
Austro-Prussian War and Franco-Prussian War

Question 54

Identify the following terms.
Second German Empire

Question 55

Identify the following terms.
reconstruction of Paris

Question 56

Identify the following terms.
Otto von Bismarck

Question 57

Identify the following terms.
Louis Napoleon/Napoleon III

Question 58

Identify the following terms.
the Dual Monarchy

Question 59

Identify the following terms.
Alexander II and serf emancipation

Question 60

Identify the following terms.
Queen Victoria

Question 61

Government financial aid to industries

A) was a basic element of industrialization on the continent.
B) was most extensive, by far, in the United States.
C) did not develop in Europe before the 1870s.
D) was not a factor in the industrialization on the European continent.
E) was opposed by the major powers, meeting at the Congress of Vienna.

Question 62

The basic purpose of the Concert of Europe was to

A) obliterate the Ottoman Empire.
B) maintain conservative political control over Europe.
C) expedite liberal change in European governments.
D) allow the great powers of Europe to unilaterally intervene wherever they chose to.
E) enable nationalism to dominate European politics.

Question 63

By aiming at establishing legitimacy and a traditional balance of power in European political affairs,Metternich and his associates at the Congress of Vienna were advocates of the ideology known as

A) nihilism.
B) liberalism.
C) conservatism.
D) nationalism.
E) socialism.

Question 64

Steam power

A) could be used anywhere there was a river of sufficient size.
B) was limited by the ability of the horses to keep the generators turning.
C) required no maintenance once the original pistons were operational.
D) was originally used to pump water from mines.
E) was restricted to coastal areas and rapidly rushing rivers.

Question 65

This act brought an end to the employment of children under nine years of age in Great Britain.

A) the Child Exploitation act of 1830.
B) the Factory Act of 1833
C) Brighton's Fair Labour policy.
D) the Uniform Working Hours Act.
E) the Compassion Act of 1837.

Question 66

Identify the following terms.
Serbia

Question 67

A country which was forced to reduce its industrial production by a more powerful competitor was

A) Argentina.
B) India.
C) Prussia.
D) Russia.
E) the United States.

Question 68

Although the population of London was one million in 1800,by 1850 it had swollen to

A) 1,500,000
B) 2,363,000
C) 2,151,000
D) 2,770,000
E) more than three million

Question 69

Identify the following terms.
Triple Entente

Question 70

Which of the following did not play a crucial role in making Britain the site of the first Industrial Revolution?

A) Over ninety-five percent of the population was literate.
B) A surplus of food gave its people extra buying power to purchase manufactured products.
C) Its increased population served as a labor source for the nation's new factories.
D) British manufactures were willing to accept and seek new methods of manufacturing.
E) Britain had, and was able to improve upon, an already adequate transport system.

Question 71

Industrial development in the United States before 1870

A) made no real impression on either the society or the economy.
B) included an efficient transportation network.
C) had Asian immigrants making up over half of the factory labor until the 1850s.
D) depended upon slave labor in the factories.
E) was mainly a development of the southern states.

Question 72

The steam engine was developed by

A) Edmund Cartwright.
B) James Hargreaves.
C) Henry Cort.
D) James Watt.
E) Hans Krieger.

Question 73

The first steam-powered locomotive was pioneered by

A) Richard Trevithick.
B) Elihu Babbage.
C) James Watt.
D) George Stephenson.
E) Edmund Cartwright.

Question 74

The ability to make yarn at a much faster pace

A) was achieved by the development of George Stephenson's Rocket.
B) was retarded by adoption of the Lysenko Doctrine in 1808.
C) became necessary after the development of the flying shuttle.
D) depended upon the inventions of Charles Seurat.
E) was the result of new resources of cotton from South America.

Question 75

Continental European industrialization

A) started a full generation before it did in England.
B) began in Belgium, France, and the German states.
C) didn't gain momentum until the 1890s in France.
D) was centered in northwestern Piedmont until 1815.
E) was initiated by Bismarck, Napoleon III, and Friedrich and Hans Engels.

Question 76

Which,among the following was not one of the major impediments to the industrialization of Continental Europe?

A) lack of good roads
B) inadequate natural resources
C) difficulties with river transit
D) custom barriers along state borders
E) businessmen were hesitant to take risks

Question 77

By the middle of the nineteenth century,Henry Cort's system of puddling had resulted in

A) Britain greatly increasing its output of cotton.
B) a quadrupling of British coal production.
C) Britain becoming by far the world's leading iron producer.
D) the enhancement of pig iron impurities.
E) an improvement in agricultural production.

Question 78

Which of the following statements is a false observation about the development of the Industrial Revolution?

A) The use of machinery in factories helped to stimulate urban growth.
B) The highly productive nature of industrial manufacturing created continuous opportunities for reinvestment and increased production.
C) Price reductions produced increased markets, thus continuing the traditional, self-sustaining nature of the European economy as it had functioned since the early 1600s.
D) Rural workers found new employment opportunities in railroad construction.
E) More rapid and less expensive transportation had a profound effect on economic growth.

Question 79

Population in Europe during the nineteenth century

A) remained steady until the 1830s, and then began to decrease steadily.
B) was notable for rapid overall growth and a far more rapid increase in city populations.
C) was dramatically reduced when the Great Famine killed thirty-five percent of the Russian, Irish, and Prussian populations.
D) decreased as peasants, reassured by falling death rates, reduced the rural birth rate by over sixty percent due to their adoption of birth control.
E) was numerically dominated by the landed aristocracy.

Question 80

The speeds attained by the first steam locomotive in 1804 and those in use by 1850 were,respectively,

A) twenty-one and thirty-two miles per hour.
B) two and forty-five miles per hour.
C) five and thirty miles per hour.
D) five and fifty miles per hour.
E) twenty and fifteen miles per hour.