Question 1

When was the GAA officially founded?&#10;A) 1880&#10;B) 1884&#10;C) 1895&#10;D) 1905

Accepted Answer

The GAA (Gaelic Athletic Association) was officially founded on November 1, 1884 in Hayes' Hotel, Thurles, Co. Tipperary, Ireland.

Question 2

When sporting leagues are composed so there is an unpredictability of outcome they are said to have achieved:&#10;A) Competitive advantage&#10;B) A lack of Competitiveness&#10;C) Competitive Balance&#10;D) A state of uncompetitiveness

Accepted Answer

Competitive balance refers to the level of equality in which teams possess the ability to win games or compete in their respective leagues. In other words, it measures the unpredictability of outcome in sporting leagues, which makes them exciting to watch. So, when a sporting league is composed in such a way that there is reasonable parity between teams and a lower degree of domination by certain teams, it is considered to have achieved competitive balance.

Question 3

In 2000 a seminal declaration on sport was signed by European leaders. It is known as the:&#10;A) Berlin Declaration&#10;B) London Accord&#10;C) Madrid Declaration&#10;D) Nice Declaration

Accepted Answer

The Nice Declaration on Sport was signed by European leaders in 2000, emphasizing the social significance of sport and its role in fostering identity and bringing people together.

Question 4

The governance model most commonly cited as the polar-opposite of the European Model of Sport is the:&#10;A) North American Model of Sport&#10;B) Australisian Model of Sport&#10;C) African Sports Model&#10;D) Chinese Model of sport

Accepted Answer

The North American Model of Sport is often cited as the polar opposite of the European Model of Sport due to the much greater level of commercialization and privatization of sports in North America. There is a strong focus on profit-making and individual achievement, rather than the more community-oriented approach of the European Model.

Question 5

The seminal decree concerning the free movement of professional athletes within Europe has become known as the:&#10;A) Bosman Ruling&#10;B) Brighton Declaration&#10;C) Bologna Ruling&#10;D) Berlin Declaration

Accepted Answer

The seminal decree concerning the free movement of professional athletes within Europe is known as the Bosman Ruling. This ruling was made by the European Court of Justice in 1995 and had a significant impact on the world of sports, particularly football (soccer), as it allowed players in the European Union to move freely between clubs at the end of their contracts without fees or restrictions.

Question 6

Sport is largely characterized by a unique set of features that make it different to generic business organisations. In terms of the unpredictability of sport:&#10;A) The sport product is inconsistent and this allows sport marketers to market the excitement of unpredictability.&#10;B) Sport has the capacity to engage fans and deliver emotional and loyal attachments to teams, players, and clubs.&#10;C) The financial base of sport organisations is characterized by high fixed costs and variable operating revenues.&#10;D) All of the above&#10;E) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The unpredictability of sport refers to the inconsistent nature of the sport product, which marketers leverage to promote the excitement and appeal of the games.

Question 7

The professionalisation of sport has been influenced by:&#10;A) expansion of the global sports industry&#10;B) commercialisation of sport events and competitions&#10;C) introduction of paid staff&#10;D) All of the above&#10;E) A and C only

Accepted Answer

The professionalisation of sport has been influenced by various factors, including the expansion of the global sports industry, commercialisation of sport events and competitions, and the introduction of paid staff. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it includes all the above factors that have influenced the professionalisation of sport.

Question 8

There are a number of different types of organisations involved in the sport industry. These are best categorised as:&#10;A) Voluntary or non-profit organisations&#10;B) Private, public and voluntary organisations&#10;C) Public sector organisations&#10;D) Elite and community sport organisations

Accepted Answer

The sport industry involves a range of organisations, including private (e.g. sports clubs, fitness centres), public (e.g. government sport agencies, schools), and voluntary (e.g. community sports clubs) organisations. Therefore, option B is the most comprehensive and accurate categorization of sport industry organizations. Option A (voluntary/non-profit) only captures a subset of organizations, while option C (public sector) is too narrow in scope. Option D (elite/community) is more of a classification based on the level of competition rather than the type of organization.

Question 9

Sport organisations do not operate in a vacuum and are influenced by a range of macro environmental factors. Which of the following is NOT considered a macro factor in this context:&#10;A) Economic&#10;B) Political and legal&#10;C) Technological&#10;D) Media

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sport organisations do not operate in a...

Question 10

The neo-liberalism ideological type would influence sport by:&#10;A) limiting the scope for the market&#10;B) leaving the management of sport to the voluntary sector&#10;C) privatising public leisure services and investing resources in the elite end of sport&#10;D) having direct involvement in community sport participation&#10;E) tightly regulating all aspects of sport development

Accepted Answer

Neo-liberalism ideology advocates for the privatisation of public services and investment of resources in elite areas, which would likely result in the privatisation of public leisure services and investment in the elite end of sport, such as professional leagues and high-performance programs. This would limit opportunities for those in the community who may not have the financial means to participate in elite sport or access privately-owned facilities.

Deck 1: The Sport Business Industry in the Twenty-First Century and the Social and Cultural Management of Sport: Contemporary Arguments Concerning the Case for Specificity