Question 1

The ____________ model of motivation holds that people work mainly to obtain tangible rewards.&#10;A) force and coercion&#10;B) economic/machine&#10;C) affective/affiliation&#10;D) growth-open system

Accepted Answer

The economic/machine model of motivation views individuals as rational and self-interested, driven to work by tangible rewards such as money or promotions. This model is largely based on the principles of classical economics and assumes that individuals will work to maximize their own economic benefit.

Question 2

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, if a worker's basic and security needs are satisfied, he or she will be motivated primarily to satisfy _____________ needs.&#10;A) ideal self needs&#10;B) self-concept needs&#10;C) social needs&#10;D) security needs

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, after basic physiological and safety needs are met, people are motivated to fulfill social needs, which include the need for love, affection, and belongingness.

Question 3

According to ____________, workers' motivation is based on the perceived probability that their work will lead to outcomes that they highly desire.&#10;A) equity theory&#10;B) expectancy theory&#10;C) Theory X&#10;D) Theory Y

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory, developed by Victor Vroom, suggests that workers' motivation is based on the perceived probability that their work will lead to outcomes that they highly desire. It states that an employee's effort is dependent on three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy is the belief that effort will lead to performance, instrumentality is the belief that performance will lead to desired outcomes, and valence is the value that someone places on the outcome.

Question 4

Which of the following is not considered a motivator according to job enrichment?&#10;A) recognition&#10;B) responsibility&#10;C) work relationships&#10;D) advancement

Accepted Answer

According to job enrichment theory, work relationships are considered a hygiene factor rather than a motivator. Hygiene factors are necessary for job satisfaction, but they do not result in increased motivation or productivity. Recognition, responsibility, and advancement are all considered motivators that can increase an employee's job satisfaction and motivation.

Question 5

An approach to police organizational development that tends to be cost-saving and also helps diversify police organizations is:&#10;A) professionalization&#10;B) civilianization&#10;C) higher education&#10;D) training

Accepted Answer

Civilianization involves replacing sworn officers with civilian employees in non-core police functions such as clerical work, traffic control, and dispatching. This approach can help diversify police organizations by allowing for the hiring of non-sworn employees from a variety of backgrounds and experiences. Additionally, it can be cost-saving as sworn officers tend to have higher salaries and benefits packages compared to civilian employees.

Question 6

The Hawthorne studies showed that peoples' performance at work was motivated primarily by money.

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies showed that people's performance at work was influenced by factors other than just money, such as social and psychological factors.

Question 7

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, workers are motivated primarily by security needs.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, workers are motivated by a variety of needs including physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. While security needs are important, they are only one component of an individual's overall motivation.

Question 8

According to Theory X, people do not like work and will avoid it whenever possible.

Accepted Answer

Theory X assumes that people are inherently lazy and will avoid work unless forced or motivated by external factors such as rewards or punishment.

Question 9

According to job enrichment, improving work factors such as company policies, supervision, and pay results in more motivated workers.

Accepted Answer

According to job enrichment theory, improving factors such as autonomy, skill variety, and task significance, among others, leads to more motivated workers, not just factors like company policies, supervision, and pay.

Question 10

About 25% of police agencies today require applicants to have a 4-year college degree.

Accepted Answer

Most police agencies in the United States do not require a 4-year college degree; the majority only require a high school diploma or equivalent, though some may prefer or require some college coursework or a 2-year degree.

Question 11

___________ is based on the observation that employees work harder when they have a clear understanding of the goals of the organization and can see how their work contributes to achieving these goals.

A) Theory X
B) Theory Y
C) Management by objectives
D) Expectancy theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ is based on the observation that...

Question 12

Work conditions, salary, and personal life are considered _______, while recognition, advancement, and responsibility are considered _________.&#10;A) Satisfiers, dissatisfiers&#10;B) Hygiene factors, motivators&#10;C) Necessary, optional&#10;D) Motivators, hygiene factors

Accepted Answer

The answer of Work conditions, salary, and personal life are...

Question 13

___________ is based on including non-managerial employees in the management process.&#10;A) Managerial hierarchy&#10;B) Participative management&#10;C) Job enrichment&#10;D) Organizational development

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ is based on including non-managerial employees...

Question 14

Civilianization involves replacing sworn police officers with civilian employees whenever possible.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Civilianization involves replacing sworn police officers with...

Question 15

Management by objectives is based more on worker self-control than on control imposed by management.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Management by objectives is based more on...

Deck 9: Developing the Police Organization