Deck 15: Europe Transformed: Reform and State Building

Question 1

What was the impact of the sixteenth-century reformations upon the secularization of Western civilization?

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

What were the most significant aspects of the witchcraft craze of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Why was it so widespread? Why did it decline?

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Identify the following terms.
Machiavelli's The Prince

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

What were the main tenets of Lutheranism,Calvinism,and Anabaptism? How did they differ from one another and from Catholicism? Discuss the most significant individuals and events involved in the rise of Protestantism in Germany,Switzerland,and England.

Question 5

Identify the following terms.
"new monarchies"

Question 6

Identify the following terms.
Johannes Gutenberg

Question 7

Identify the following terms.
Hanseatic League

Question 8

Compare and contrast political developments in France and England during the seventeenth century.What are the possible differences between the two kingdoms which led to absolutism in France and limited/constitutional monarchy in England?

Question 9

Compare and contrast the accomplishments of Henry IV of France,Elizabeth I of England,and Philip II of Spain.In retrospect,which of the three was most successful and which was least successful,and why?

Question 10

Discuss,using examples,the impact of political,economic,and other non-religious factors as causes of the sixteenth-century religious reformations.

Question 11

Compare and contrast the absolute monarchies that emerged in France,Prussia,Austria,and Russia.How did England avoid the path of absolutism?

Question 12

Of the major individuals discussed in this chapter,who was the most "modern" and who was the least modern? In answering this question,a definition of "modern" is required.

Question 13

Why did the government of France become the center of European absolutism? Why not Russia? Was it simply fate or chance,or were there other factors which could explain why the era became known as the Age of Louis XIV?

Question 14

Compare and contrast the Roman Catholic Reformation with the Protestant Reformation.Where did they share common ground and where did they differ?

Question 15

Of the two major Protestant reformers,Luther and Calvin,who was the most revolutionary figure,and why?

Question 16

"The economic and social changes that occurred during the fifteenth and early sixteenth century inevitably led to the Protestant Reformation." Discuss.Can it also be said that the economic and political turmoil that characterized this period also led to significant artistic and literary accomplishments?

Question 17

Was European Christianity in serious decline in the early 1500s? How did the ideas and actions of the Protestant Reformation change its nature and status?

Question 18

How did intra-Protestant and Protestant-Roman Catholic divisions influence events between the late 1500s and the end of the Glorious Revolution? Were the divisions intrinsically religious,or were religious differences in part the result of economic or social factors?

Question 19

Identify the following terms.
the three estates

Question 20

What was "revolutionary" about Martin Luther,and what was not revolutionary?

Question 21

Identify the following terms.
Pope Paul III and the Council of Trent

Question 22

Identify the following terms.
Pope Julius II

Question 23

Identify the following terms.
"justification by faith"

Question 24

Identify the following terms.
the United Provinces of the Netherlands

Question 25

Identify the following terms.
Spain's Philip II

Question 26

Identify the following terms.
John Calvin and Geneva

Question 27

Identify the following terms.
the Holy Roman Emperor,Charles V

Question 28

Identify the following terms.
Francis Xavier and Matteo Ricci

Question 29

Identify the following terms.
Peace of Augsburg

Question 30

Identify the following terms.
Henry VIII and the Act of Supremacy

Question 31

Identify the following terms.
"bloody Mary"

Question 32

Identify the following terms.
indulgences and relics

Question 33

Identify the following terms.
"predestination"

Question 34

Identify the following terms.
Anabaptists

Question 35

Identify the following terms.
Desiderius Erasmus

Question 36

Identify the following terms.
Christian/northern Renaissance humanism

Question 37

Identify the following terms.
Ulrich Zwingli

Question 38

Identify the following terms.
the Catholic Reformation

Question 39

Identify the following terms.
Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses

Question 40

Identify the following terms.
Ignatius Loyola and the Jesuits/Society of Jesus

Question 41

Identify the following terms.
Gustavus Adolphus

Question 42

Identify the following terms.
Saint Petersburg

Question 43

Identify the following terms.
Henry IV,Huguenots,and the Edict of Nantes

Question 44

Identify the following terms.
Louis XIV

Question 45

Identify the following terms.
Frederick William the Great Elector

Question 46

Identify the following terms.
the Puritans,Oliver Cromwell,and the New Model Army

Question 47

Identify the following terms.
Ivan IV (the Terrible)

Question 48

Identify the following terms.
divine-right theory and absolutism

Question 49

Identify the following terms.
James I,Charles I,and divine right

Question 50

Identify the following terms.
mercantilism and Jean Baptiste Colbert

Question 51

Identify the following terms.
the Glorious Revolution,William and Mary,and the Bill of Rights

Question 52

Identify the following terms.
the Thirty Years' War and the Peace of Westphalia

Question 53

Identify the following terms.
joint-stock company

Question 54

Identify the following terms.
the Romanovs and Peter the Great

Question 55

Identify the following terms.
the Battle of Lepanto

Question 56

Identify the following terms.
Palace of Versailles

Question 57

Identify the following terms.
the Austrian Habsburgs

Question 58

Identify the following terms.
the Spanish Armada

Question 59

Identify the following terms.
the witchcraft mania

Question 60

Identify the following terms.
Elizabeth Tudor

Question 61

Identify the following terms.
Peter Paul Rubens

Question 62

The individual who "laid the egg that Luther hatched" was

A) Machiavelli.
B) Erasmus.
C) Gutenberg.
D) Calvin.
E) England's Henry VIII.

Question 63

Peasants made up the overwhelming mass of the third estate except in

A) England and Scotland.
B) Aragon and Castille.
C) Normandy and Aquitaine.
D) Bavaria and the Balkans.
E) Flanders and northern Italy.

Question 64

In the fifteenth century,the Italians-especially the Venetians-in their commercial empires were only rivaled by

A) England.
B) the Hanseatic League
C) the Holy Roman Empire
D) the Byzantine Empire.
E) Spain.

Question 65

Identify the following terms.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Question 66

Machiavelli's emphasis that the ends justify the means had been expressed earlier by

A) China's Confucius.
B) Japan's Minamoto.
C) India's Kautilya.
D) Rome's Cicero.
E) Persia's Zarathustra.

Question 67

Identify the following terms.
William Shakespeare

Question 68

By 1500,poor city-dwellers constituted ____ percent of the urban population.

A) 10-15
B) 20
C) 30-40
D) 60-70
E) 85

Question 69

Which of the following was not a result of the development of printing in Europe?

A) Research and learning increased.
B) Standard textbooks were developed.
C) More people began to read.
D) Chinese influence over European affairs rose sharply because of their invention of paper.
E) It played a major role in the Protestant Reformation.

Question 70

The most influential Christian humanist,who popularized the reform program of Christian humanism,was

A) John of Ockham.
B) Martin Luther.
C) John Calvin.
D) Desiderius Erasmus.
E) Ulrich Zwingli.

Question 71

The Institutes of the Christian Religion,a masterful synthesis of Protestant thought,was written by

A) Martin Luther.
B) Ignatius Loyola.
C) Desiderius Erasmus.
D) Albrecht Durer.
E) John Calvin.

Question 72

As a result of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg,

A) Calvinism became the dominant faith in northern Germany.
B) Germany became highly centralized.
C) Charles V reinforced his control over the German princes.
D) Lutheranism became established as an alternative to Roman Catholicism in the Germanies.
E) France was able to become independent of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 73

Which of the following was not a position taken by Martin Luther?

A) Salvation would be achieved through faith.
B) The purchase of indulgences would not lead to salvation.
C) The German princes should establish a reformed German church.
D) Acts of good work are the sole source of salvation.
E) Reading the Bible is important.

Question 74

Identify the following terms.
Dutch realism and Judith Leyster

Question 75

Luther's reforms included all of the following except

A) clerical celibacy.
B) a national church in Germany.
C) new religious services, including Bible reading and preaching.
D) a married Protestant clergy.
E) salvation by faith.

Question 76

The third estates included

A) priests and monks.
B) kings and emperors.
C) knights and squires.
D) peasants, merchants, and artisans.
E) b and c

Question 77

The city most associated with Calvin is

A) Berne.
B) Paris.
C) Geneva.
D) Rome.
E) Zurich.

Question 78

Identify the following terms.
Baroque

Question 79

Among the complaints of religious Europeans around 1500 was

A) the belief that Catholic Christianity was being infiltrated by Eastern Orthodox and even Islamic doctrines.
B) the belief that the clergy were too interested in financial matters and uninterested in religion.
C) dissatisfaction with the orthodox beliefs and practices of the church.
D) the charge that Pope Erasmus wanted to divide the church.
E) fear that Manichaeism was corrupting the clergy.

Question 80

The writer who best gave expression to the sixteenth-century preoccupation with political power was

A) Lorenzo Ghiberti.
B) Niccolo Alberti
C) Giorgio Castiglione.
D) Niccolo Machiavelli.
E) Desiderius Erasmus.