Deck 11: Emotions and Moods

Question 1

What is an emotion? An emotion is

A) a functional reaction of various responses to a meaningful stimulus change.
B) a subjective feeling of a person's reaction to the environment.
C) a physiological reaction like heart rate to something that has happened to the person.
D) always a negative reaction to stimuli in order to motivate behavior.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What does the response coherence postulate refer to? The postulate refers to

A) a person expressing her emotion appropriately in a given situation.
B) the channels of emotion correlating together during an emotional reaction.
C) the correct emotion being elicited by the emotion-inducing event.
D) a person being able to comprehend the meaning of his emotional feelings.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Emotion is a psychological construct composed of what?

A) affect + action readiness
B) affect + action readiness + physiological arousal
C) affect + action readiness + physiological arousal + facial expressions
D) affect + brain network activation + qualia + introspection

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which procedure or consideration was not used to form various lists of emotions?

A) semantic analysis
B) facial expression
C) describing emotion situations
D) preparedness behavior

Question 5

Languages contain words that designate emotions. The reason emotion words are in a language is

A) to provide labels for distinctly unique feelings.
B) to indicate various forms of action readiness.
C) to describe various facial expressions.
D) to describe the type of situations that produce emotions.

Question 6

The concept of emotion prototype implies

A) the existence of internal feelings that differ from other feelings like hunger
B) the existence of an abstract typical emotion that other emotions resemble.
C) that emotions are defined by the procedures that induce the emotions.
D) that each emotion has a unique facial expression.

Question 7

What characteristic describes the similarity among emotions that are within the same category?

A) intensity of the emotion
B) whether the emotions are positive or negative
C) qualitative feel of the emotions
D) action readiness for each emotion

Question 8

What are the self-conscious emotions? These are emotions

A) of joy and happiness that occur during important events like birthdays.
B) that are experienced privately.
C) that occur in the absence of facial expressions or facial signs.
D) that regulate an individual's social relationships with other people.

Question 9

How are self-conscious emotions signaled to other people? They are shown by

A) blushing or a downward gaze.
B) gritting one's teeth.
C) shuffling one's feet.
D) changes in overall muscle tension of the body.

Question 10

Describe what anger or sadness feels like to an emotionally blind person like a sophisticated robot. Your difficulty in describing an emotional feeling illustrates

A) the function of emotion in our society.
B) qualia characteristic of emotions.
C) the view that emotions have survival value.
D) the action readiness of emotions.

Question 11

What characteristic complicates describing an emotional feeling?

A) A person can experience contradictory affect (joy vs sad) in the same situation.
B) Affect can occur without being aware of accompanying physiological arousal.
C) Both the above are complications in describing emotional feelings.
D) A person is not aware of the situation that caused his/her emotion

Question 12

What conclusions about emotions are derived from neuroimaging studies of the brain?

A) Emotions are not associated or do not correspond with different patterns of brain activity.
B) Brain activity is greater for positive than for negative emotions.
C) Each emotion is located in a specific brain site.
D) Different networks of neurons in the brain represent basic emotions.

Question 13

What is the implication of epileptic auras for the study of emotion? The implication is that

A) affective experiences are located in the interior of the brain.
B) facial expressions are not in synchrony with other channels of emotion.
C) affective experiences do not occur in the brain.
D) the appraisal of emotion stimuli occur automatically.

Question 14

The term emotion education refers to

A) learning how to express your emotions in a socially acceptable manner.
B) learning to label your own feelings of emotion.
C) learning not to let your emotions influence your decision making.
D) knowing whether you are experiencing an emotion or not

Question 15

What does the law of change describe? According to the law of change,

A) variations in emotion are necessary in order for a person to be psychologically healthy.
B) a stimulus can repeatedly elicit the same emotion provided there is no stimulus habituation.
C) stronger emotion stimuli produce stronger emotional reactions.
D) people adjust to the stimuli that produce emotions.

Question 16

What does the law of emotional momentum describe?

A) Stronger emotion stimuli produce stronger emotional reactions.
B) People adjust to the stimuli that produce emotions.
C) Changes in emotion are necessary in order for a person to be psychologically healthy.
D) A stimulus can repeatedly elicit the same emotion provided there is no stimulus habituation.

Question 17

The honeymoon effect is an example of what theory or concept? It is an example of

A) the law of emotional momentum and stimulus habituation
B) accentuation/sensitization of an emotion prototype
C) the law of the number of emotions
D) Cannon's theory of emotion

Question 18

The situation that produced the emotion has ended or stopped. What happens to the emotion after the emotion-inducing situation has ended or stopped?

A) The emotion would always end or stop.
B) The emotion ceases but could persist if mental reminders of the emotion occur.
C) The original emotion would end and cause an opposite emotion to occur.
D) The person would act emotionally, but would not feel any accompanying affect.

Question 19

Which statement describes the James-Lange theory of emotion?

A) Physiological arousal (trembling) has no function for the James-Lange theory.
B) We tremble when we see a bear; trembling indicates our readiness to run away.
C) We tremble when we see a bear; trembling provides the information for feeling fear.
D) We are afraid of a bear; that causes trembling when seeing it.

Question 20

What is the correct sequence of events according to the James-Lange theory of emotion?

A) emotion stimulus → affective experience → physiological response pattern
B) affective experience → emotion stimulus → physiological response pattern
C) emotion stimulus → facial expression → physiological response pattern
D) emotion stimulus → physiological response pattern → affective experience

Question 21

According to the James-Lange theory,

A) each different emotion should have a different pattern of physiological arousal.
B) each different emotion should have the same pattern of physiological arousal.
C) emotional feelings are totally unrelated to patterns of physiological arousal.
D) the emotion situation determines the affective feeling that will be experienced.

Question 22

Body maps of emotion refer to

A) how emotions are shown in the face
B) places in the body where an emotion is felt
C) pattern of physiological responses for an emotion
D) what bodily limb is used in emotion behavior

Question 23

What type of emotion research relies on the method of pattern classification analysis?

A) facial muscle movement during an emotion
B) behavior that accompanies an emotion
C) physiological responses that are associated with affect
D) arrangement of the elements or parts in an emotion stimulus or situation

Question 24

What can you conclude about a stimulus that increased a person's level of physiological arousal? The stimulus

A) decreased the intensity of affect.
B) replaced an emergency response with action readiness.
C) eliminated the influence of qualia.
D) increased the intensity of affect.

Question 25

A person can interpret her physiological responses based on the emotion situation she is in. In what theory, do emotional feelings depend on interpretating one's emotion situation or emotion stimulus?

A) cognitive arousal theory
B) channel coherence theory
C) James-Lange theory
D) Cannon's theory

Question 26

Physiological arousal increases an individual's attention toward the source of the arousal according to which theory?

A) channel coherence theory
B) cognitive arousal theory
C) Cannon's theory
D) James-Lange theory

Question 27

In excitation-transfer experiments, arousal created by one activity (jogging in place) has what effect on an emotion created by an emotion stimulus? The activity

A) prevents any qualia of the emotion
B) has no effect on the intensity of the emotion
C) increases the intensity of the emotion
D) decreases the intensity of the emotion

Question 28

A person wants to increase the degree of romantic attractiveness his/her dating partner has for him/her. Based on the results of excitation-transfer experiments, the couple should

A) sit calmly and quietly next to one another.
B) go to an exciting basketball game.
C) take a brisk walk together.
D) either options b or c will suffice

Question 29

In the theory of constructed emotions, how do physiological responses lead to affective experiences?

A) Physiological responses are grouped together or interpreted according to the aim of an emotion.
B) Physiological responses have no function in this theory.
C) Each emotion is linked to a precise pattern of physiological arousal.
D) The affective experience determines what physiological responses occur.

Question 30

What is an emergency response?

A) It refers to facial expressions of anguish, distress, and anxiety.
B) The physiological response patterns indicating a readiness to escape or fight.
C) The process of appraising the environment for danger.
D) The disappointment of being unable to describe how you feel.

Question 31

Which statement most accurately represents Cannon's theory of emotion?

A) Physiological arousal (trembling) is not necessary to experience an emotion.
B) We are afraid of a bear and that causes us to tremble when seeing it.
C) We tremble when we see a bear; trembling indicates our readiness to run away.
D) We tremble when we see a bear; trembling provides the information for fear of the bear.

Question 32

Action readiness refers to

A) physiological arousal that is the basis for an emotional feeling.
B) actual fight/flight or emergency responses that occur in the emotion situation.
C) activity of the brain in reaction to an emotion stimulus.
D) being prepared to behave in order to achieve the aim of an emotion.

Question 33

How does mood and emotion differ in terms of the stimuli that produce them? Stimuli that produce moods versus emotions differ in terms of

A) stimulus salience +stimulus intensity + stimulus duration
B) stimulus intensity + stimulus salience
C) stimulus intensity + stimulus duration
D) stimulus duration

Question 34

Negative affect or negative mood does not seem to vary with

A) season of the year.
B) time of day.
C) day of the week.
D) season of year, time of day, or day of week.

Question 35

The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) measures

A) the intensity of physiological arousal that accompanies emotions.
B) mood intensity, valence, and duration.
C) the intensity of positive mood and the intensity of negative mood.
D) the duration of all emotions that people can experience.

Question 36

From Monday to Saturday, how does positive affect change?

A) It remains constant.
B) It increases from Sunday to Wednesday and then decreases.
C) It decreases.
D) It increases.

Question 37

Seasonal affective disorder most generally refers to feelings of

A) winter blues
B) joy in spring and autumn.
C) mild depression in winter only.
D) mild depression in summer only.

Question 38

Severe depression is

A) linked to very hot summer months.
B) not linked to seasons of the year.
C) linked to very cold winter months.
D) linked to a lack of sunlight.

Question 39

What are the effects of sleep deprivation on a person's mood or affect? Sleep deprivation

A) has no effect on either positive mood or negative mood.
B) increases the intensity of negative mood (more negative mood).
C) decreases the intensity of positive mood (less positive mood).
D) decreases in negative mood and decreases in positive mood.

Question 40

Which cause-effect relationship is the strongest or most reliable?

A) listening to music does not change a person's mood
B) being in a good mood improves sleep
C) being in a good mood increases chances of a sexual episode
D) engaging in a sexual episode improves mood

Question 41

a. What is an emotion?
b. What is the function of an emotion?
c. What are the components or channels of an emotion?
d. How does the response coherence postulate relate to the channels?

Question 42

a. What do categories of emotions refer to or signify?
b. What does emotion prototype mean?

Question 43

How do the law of change and the law of emotional momentum contribute to understanding the intensity and duration of emotions?

Question 44

a. Let us assume that you are madly in love with X. However, when you see X, your heart does not pound, you do not blush when speaking to him/her, and your legs do not become wobbly. Why would William James (of the James-Lange theory of emotion) conclude that you are not really madly in love with X?
b. How good is the evidence for the idea that love has a physiological profile that is different than that of, say, hate or lust?

Question 45

a. A subjective emotional experience or affect refers to the private feelings that arise in a person's consciousness. Describe the concept of qualia in regards to affect.
b. Describe how people learn to label their affective feelings.

Question 46

What is the function of physiological arousal during an emotion for the James-Lange theory, Cannon's theory, and the concept of action readiness?

Question 47

Compare and contrast moods with emotions. How are they similar and how are they different?

Question 48

Positive and negative affect or moods change with various background stimuli or conditions, such as time of day. Describe how moods change with these conditions; describe at least four conditions.