Question 1

Trinidad Carnival is a ritual that contains:&#10;A) sacred elements only.&#10;B) secular elements only.&#10;C) both sacred and secular elements.&#10;D) neither sacred nor secular elements.

Accepted Answer

Trinidad Carnival is a celebration that contains both sacred and secular elements. It has roots in African and Catholic traditions, with elements of masquerade, music, dancing, and socializing. Although it has evolved over time, it still retains some religious and spiritual importance for many participants. However, it primarily serves as a secular event that brings together people of different backgrounds to celebrate diversity and cultural identity.

Question 2

Rituals and ritualizing can be understood from which of the following perspectives?&#10;A) structures&#10;B) functions&#10;C) processes&#10;D) experiences&#10;E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Rituals and ritualizing can be analyzed and understood from each of these perspectives. The structural perspective focuses on the form and organization of the ritual, the functional perspective looks at what the ritual achieves for individuals or the group, the process perspective examines how the ritual unfolds and changes over time, and the experiential perspective explores the subjective experiences of those participating in the ritual. Therefore, all these perspectives are relevant in the study of rituals and ritualizing.

Question 3

Who first advanced the idea of rituals as performances?&#10;A) Emile Durkheim&#10;B) Yann-Pierre Montelle&#10;C) Catherine Bell&#10;D) Arnold van Gennep

Accepted Answer

Emile Durkheim first advanced the idea of rituals as performances in his book "The Elementary Forms of Religious Life" (1912).

Question 4

George Schaller compares the behavior of sports fans to:&#10;A) soldiers&#10;B) politicians&#10;C) gorillas&#10;D) chimpanzees

Accepted Answer

George Schaller, a renowned field biologist, has made comparisons between the behavior of sports fans and gorillas, noting similarities in group dynamics and social behavior.

Question 5

What term does Victor Turner apply to ritual-like types of symbolic action that occur in leisure activities?&#10;A) illusory&#10;B) liminoid&#10;C) liminal&#10;D) empty

Accepted Answer

Victor Turner applied the term "liminoid" to ritual-like types of symbolic action that occur in leisure activities.

Question 6

What do the removal of shoes in a mosque, the wearing of skull caps in a synagogue, and the covering of heads in some Roman Catholic churches signify?&#10;A) a shift in ritual from sacred to secular&#10;B) the entering of a sacred space&#10;C) leaving the community&#10;D) divesting of secular trappings&#10;E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The removal of shoes in a mosque, the wearing of skull caps in a synagogue, and the covering of heads in some Roman Catholic churches all signify the entering of a sacred space.

Question 7

Which of the following artists is not known for incorporating ritual into new performance works?&#10;A) Ratan Thiyam&#10;B) Ralph Lemon&#10;C) Lin Hwai-Min&#10;D) Samuel Beckett

Accepted Answer

Samuel Beckett is not known for incorporating ritual into new performance works. Ratan Thiyam, Ralph Lemon, and Lin Hwai-Min are all known for incorporating ritual elements into their performance works.

Deck 3: Ritual