Question 1

Plato's tripartite model of the soul is composed of:&#10;A) the appetitive, rational, and spirited parts&#10;B) the emotional, rational, and cognitive parts&#10;C) the spiritual, appetitive, and emotional parts&#10;D) the cognitive, appetitive, and rational parts

Accepted Answer

Plato's tripartite model of the soul includes the appetitive part, which desires pleasure and seeks to avoid pain, the rational part, which strives for truth and reason, and the spirited part, which includes emotions and desires for honor and glory. This model is further elaborated on in Plato's Republic.

Question 2

Which of the components of Plato's tripartite model of the soul motivates us to seek the pleasures necessary to sustain individual life and the continuation of the species?&#10;A) appetitive&#10;B) emotional&#10;C) rational&#10;D) spirited

Accepted Answer

According to Plato's tripartite model of the soul, the appetitive component is responsible for our basic desires and impulses, including the desire for food, shelter, and sexual gratification. These desires are necessary for the sustenance of individual life and the continuation of the species. Therefore, the appetitive component of the soul is responsible for motivating us to seek the pleasures necessary for these purposes.

Question 3

When comparing Plato's tripartite model of the soul to Freud's tripartite model of personality, Plato's rational soul is analogous to Freud's:&#10;A) id&#10;B) ego&#10;C) superego&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Plato's rational soul is analogous to Freud's ego. Both are responsible for navigating the external world, making decisions, and mediating conflicts between the other parts of the soul/personality. The id corresponds to Plato's appetitive soul, which is concerned with basic biological and emotional drives, while the superego corresponds to Plato's spirited soul, which is concerned with moral and ethical behavior.

Question 4

Conscience:&#10;A) is the sum of social emotions coupled with the moral learning that evokes them&#10;B) contains an emotional and knowledge component&#10;C) is something that is developed over time&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Conscience is the sum of social emotions (such as guilt, shame, and empathy) coupled with the moral learning that evokes them. This makes up the emotional and knowledge component of conscience, which is something that is developed over time through experiences and socialization. Therefore, all of the above choices are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following theories posits three interacting systems of behavioral regulation, including the behavioral activating system, the behavioral inhibition system, and the fight-flight-freeze system?

A) prefrontal dysfunction theory
B) reward dominance theory
C) arousal theory
D) social learning theory

Accepted Answer

Reward dominance theory suggests the interaction of the behavioral activating system (BAS), the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and the fight-flight-freeze system as mechanisms that regulate behavior, particularly in the context of rewards and punishments.

Question 6

The behavioral activating system (BAS) is sensitive to signals of:&#10;A) love&#10;B) threat&#10;C) reward&#10;D) punishment

Accepted Answer

The behavioral activating system (BAS) is primarily associated with the neurotransmitter ___________, while the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is primarily associated with the neurotransmitter ____________.

A) serotonin; dopamine
B) dopamine; serotonin
C) norepinephrine; glutamate
D) glutamate; norepinephrine

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Question 7

The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) can be likened to the Freudian _______ striving for the ideal and representing all the moral &#34;brakes&#34; internalized during the process of socialization.&#10;A) id&#10;B) ego&#10;C) superego&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The BIS is often associated with the inhibitory control of behavior and the avoidance of punishment, and is believed to be related to anxiety and the acquisition of social norms. The superego in Freudian theory represents the internalized moral values learned during socialization, and serves as a conscience or "brake" on the more impulsive or selfish desires of the id. Therefore, the BIS and the superego share a similar function in regulating behavior according to societal and moral standards.

Question 8

The behavioral activating system (BAS) is primarily associated with the neurotransmitter ___________, while the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is primarily associated with the neurotransmitter ____________.

A) serotonin; dopamine
B) dopamine; serotonin
C) norepinephrine; glutamate
D) glutamate; norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

The behavioral activating system (BAS) is primarily associated with the neurotransmitter ___________, while the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is primarily associated with the neurotransmitter ____________.

A) serotonin; dopamine
B) dopamine; serotonin
C) norepinephrine; glutamate
D) glutamate; norepinephrine

Question 9

The branch of the ANS that mobilizes the body for vigorous action in response to a threat is the:&#10;A) parasympathetic system&#10;B) sympathetic system&#10;C) behavioral activating system&#10;D) behavioral inhibition system

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic system is responsible for the fight or flight response, which is the body's biological response to a threat, allowing it to take action quickly. The parasympathetic system, on the other hand, is responsible for calming the body down and restoring it to a resting state. The behavioral activating and inhibition systems are not part of the autonomic nervous system and are instead related to behavioral and cognitive processes.

Question 10

The emotional component of the conscience has a lot to do with:&#10;A) operant conditioning&#10;B) the prefrontal cortex&#10;C) arousal levels&#10;D) the ego

Accepted Answer

The emotional component of the conscience is closely related to arousal levels, as emotions often involve physiological arousal that influences moral decision-making and conscience.

Question 11

The functions of the prefrontal cortex are collectively referred to as:&#10;A) executive functions&#10;B) logical functions&#10;C) emotional functions&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of The functions of the prefrontal cortex are...

Question 12

Psychopaths tend to:&#10;A) be less fearful&#10;B) be hypoaroused&#10;C) have an impaired conscience&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychopaths tend to:&#10;A) be less fearful&#10;B) be...

Question 13

A hyperarousable ANS is associated with antisocial behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A hyperarousable ANS is associated with antisocial...

Question 14

The conscience is purely emotional.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The conscience is purely emotional....

Question 15

A weak behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is associated with ADHD and psychopathy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A weak behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is...

Deck 9: Right and Wrong :Conscience