Question 1

According to the text, emotions are typically treated ______________ in criminological theories.&#10;A) positively&#10;B) negatively&#10;C) indifferently&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Emotions are typically treated negatively in criminological theories as they are often linked to criminal behavior or seen as a factor that potentially leads to criminal behavior.

Question 2

According to Weber, ___________________ rationality is a means-end rationality that is self-serving and assumed to be innate in all people.&#10;A) learned&#10;B) emotional&#10;C) instrumental&#10;D) evolutionary

Accepted Answer

Weber referred to this type of rationality as instrumental rationality, which is a calculative thought process that weighs the costs and benefits of various actions to achieve a desired goal or outcome. It focuses on efficiency, predictability, and quantifiable results. Weber argued that it is a dominant form of rationality in modern Western societies.

Question 3

Which of the following enhanced our distant ancestors' reproductive success by overriding decisions suggesting alternatives to cooperation (i.e., cheating) that may have been more rational in the short term by acquiring resources with little effort, but which were ultimately fitness- reducing?

A) primary emotions
B) rationality
C) social emotions
D) irrationality

C

Accepted Answer

Social emotions, such as empathy and trust, enabled our ancestors to form cooperative relationships, which enhanced their reproductive success by allowing them to acquire resources and support from others. Such social emotions overrode the short-term rational decisions suggesting alternatives to cooperation, such as cheating, which may have provided immediate benefits but ultimately reduced fitness.

Question 4

According to the text, the less we feel social emotions:&#10;A) the less likely we are to prefer the immediate benefits of cheating&#10;B) the more likely we are to prefer the immediate benefits of cheating&#10;C) the more prosocial we will be&#10;D) the more rational we will be

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that a decrease in social emotions makes individuals more inclined to prioritize the immediate benefits of cheating, indicating a diminished concern for the social consequences or moral implications of their actions.

Question 5

According to the text, psychopaths:&#10;A) are perfectly capable of reasoning&#10;B) have malfunctioning emotional systems&#10;C) are unable to &#34;tie&#34; the brain's cognitive and emotional networks&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The text states that psychopaths are perfectly capable of reasoning (A), but have malfunctioning emotional systems (B) and are unable to "tie" the brain's cognitive and emotional networks (C). Therefore, all of the above statements are correct.

Question 6

Which philosopher put forth the notion that emotion precedes rationality in human phylogenic history?&#10;A) Rousseau&#10;B) Hume&#10;C) Kant&#10;D) Plato

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which philosopher put forth the notion that...

Question 7

The primary function of the ________ is the storage of emotional memories.&#10;A) hippocampus&#10;B) amygdala&#10;C) thalamus&#10;D) prefrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is primarily responsible for the storage of emotional memories, particularly those associated with fear and aggression. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the formation of new memories, but is not specific to emotional memories. The thalamus is responsible for relaying sensory information, but is not involved in the storage of emotional memories. The prefrontal cortex is involved in executive functioning and decision making, but is not directly responsible for storing emotional memories.

Question 8

As a basis for social interaction, _______ preceded _______ in evolutionary times.&#10;A) primary emotions, secondary emotions&#10;B) secondary emotions, primary emotions&#10;C) emotions, rationality&#10;D) rationality, emotions

Accepted Answer

Emotions are believed to have evolved earlier in evolutionary times than rationality, as emotions were necessary for survival and quick decision making. Therefore, emotions would have served as a basis for social interaction before rationality developed.

Question 9

Which of the following is/are notoriously absent or extremely weak in chronic criminals, especially psychopaths?&#10;A) shame&#10;B) guilt&#10;C) empathy&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Chronic criminals, especially psychopaths, are known to have little to no sense of shame, guilt, or empathy. This lack of moral compass contributes to their continued criminal behavior.

Question 10

Anne Campbell's &#34;staying alive hypothesis&#34; argues that:&#10;A) because offspring survival is so enormously important to reproductive success, females have evolved a propensity to avoid engaging in behaviors that pose survival risks&#10;B) it is maladaptive for females to experience many different situations as fearful&#10;C) the obligatory parental investment of males is greater than that of females&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The staying alive hypothesis argues that females have evolved a propensity to avoid engaging in behaviors that pose survival risks because offspring survival is so enormously important to reproductive success.

Question 11

Internal rewards of committing expressive crimes can be powerful motivators.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Internal rewards of committing expressive crimes can...

Question 12

Emotion and rationality are two completely separate and unrelated concepts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Emotion and rationality are two completely separate...

Question 13

Cultural criminologists identify emotions as motivating antisocial behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cultural criminologists identify emotions as motivating antisocial...

Deck 8: Rationality and Emotion