Question 1

Which of the following claims asserts that humans have a nature?&#10;A) nominalist&#10;B) social constructionist&#10;C) realist&#10;D) fundamentalist

Accepted Answer

The realist perspective asserts that humans have a nature that is inherent and objective, rather than being solely shaped by social or cultural factors.

Question 2

According to the text, humans have how many natures?&#10;A) 1&#10;B) 2&#10;C) 3&#10;D) none

Accepted Answer

Humans have three natures: the rational, the animal, and the spiritual.

Question 3

Which of the following is an evolved nature that supplies all the sturdy foundations and scaffolding?&#10;A) Darwinian&#10;B) Durkheimian&#10;C) Sartresque&#10;D) Rousseau

Accepted Answer

The term "evolved nature" suggests a reference to the theory of natural selection proposed by Charles Darwin. Therefore, option A, "Darwinian," is the best choice. Durkheimian may refer to the theories of Emile Durkheim in sociology, Sartresque may refer to the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre, and Rousseau may refer to the political philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, but neither of these options specifically pertains to the concept of evolved nature.

Question 4

The monomorphic constant underlying all is known as:&#10;A) fundamentalism&#10;B) central tendency&#10;C) genetic determinism&#10;D) social construction

Accepted Answer

The concept of "central tendency" refers to the idea that there is a common or average trait underlying a group of individuals or a phenomenon. It is a monomorphic, or single, constant that can be observed across diverse contexts. This concept is commonly used in statistics and psychology, and can be contrasted with the idea of genetic determinism (which suggests that traits are solely determined by genes) and social construction (which suggests that traits are constructed by societal and cultural factors). Fundamentalism is not a relevant concept in this context.

Question 5

According to Marx, what is the essential feature that distinguishes humans from every other species?&#10;A) intelligence&#10;B) ability to adapt to the environment&#10;C) evolutionary experience&#10;D) ability to consciously create an environment

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that the ability to consciously create an environment through social production and transform nature through labor is the essential feature that distinguishes humans from every other species.

Question 6

Malleability is:&#10;A) part of the definition of what human nature is&#10;B) the ability to adapt to environmental changes&#10;C) one of the most important features that uniquely allows humans to consciously create environments&#10;D) a and b only

Accepted Answer

Malleability refers to the ability to adapt and change in response to environmental changes, which is a key characteristic of human nature. Additionally, this adaptability allows humans to consciously create and manipulate their environments in ways that other species cannot. Therefore, both options A and B are correct.

Question 7

A genome:&#10;A) is the chemical archive of millions of years of evolutionary wisdom accumulated through the process of gene-culture co-evolution&#10;B) is the chemical archive of millions of years of evolutionary wisdom accumulated through the process of natural selection&#10;C) is the physical archive of millions of years of evolutionary wisdom accumulated through the process of gene-culture co-evolution&#10;D) is the physical archive of millions of years of evolutionary wisdom accumulated through the process of natural selection

Accepted Answer

A genome is the complete set of genetic information of an organism, including all of its genes and non-coding DNA. This genetic information has been accumulated through the process of natural selection over millions of years of evolution. Therefore, B is the correct choice. A and C mention gene-culture co-evolution, which is not directly related to the definition of a genome. D mentions "physical archive," but the genome is not a physical object, but rather a chemical one.

Question 8

According to the text, the ultimate goal of all living things is:&#10;A) happiness&#10;B) survival&#10;C) reproductive success&#10;D) to acquire knowledge

Accepted Answer

The ultimate goal of all living things, from a biological perspective, is reproductive success, as it ensures the continuation of their genes and species.

Question 9

According to the text, which of the following constitutes a fully integrated reciprocal feedback system?&#10;A) nature and nurture&#10;B) realism and nominalism&#10;C) biology and social constructionism&#10;D) central tendency and essentialism

Accepted Answer

Nature and nurture constitute a fully integrated reciprocal feedback system because they continuously interact and influence each other in the development and behavior of organisms.

Question 10

Research indicates that hominid cranial capacity ________ from Homo erectus to modern Homo sapiens, indicating a rapid increase for intelligence.&#10;A) decreased&#10;B) increased&#10;C) stayed the same&#10;D) doubled

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research indicates that hominid cranial capacity ________...

Question 11

Changes in brain morphology are thought be influenced by:&#10;A) living in large social groups&#10;B) living in small social groups&#10;C) ecological challenges to food procurement&#10;D) a and c only

Accepted Answer

The answer of Changes in brain morphology are thought be...

Question 12

Unconstrained visionaries:&#10;A) assert that humans have an innate nature&#10;B) view civilization and society as good&#10;C) deny that humans have an innate nature&#10;D) believe that there are few solutions available in the social world

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unconstrained visionaries:&#10;A) assert that humans have an...

Question 13

According to the text, unconstrained visionaries are the most hostile to the idea of an innate human nature.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, unconstrained visionaries are...

Question 14

Natural selection induces genetic variance rather than reacting to it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Natural selection induces genetic variance rather than...

Question 15

Rousseau, Locke, and Marx are often considered to be the &#34;holy trinity&#34; of sociology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rousseau, Locke, and Marx are often considered...

Deck 12: The Philosophy and Science of Human Nature