Deck 11: Ideology and Causation

Question 1

Which of the following causes was the only one considered "important" across all four ideological categories, according to research conducted by Cooper, Walsh, and Ellis in 2010?

A) unstable family life
B) lack of empathy and concern for others
C) peer influences
D) impulsiveness and risk-taking tendencies

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is defined as an active concern for the welfare of others?

A) altruism
B) positive emotionality
C) empathy
D) compassion

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of Tinbergen's Four Questions asks why a functional trait or behavior varies in frequency and strength from one person to another?

A) function
B) phylogeny
C) development
D) causation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to Durkheim, anomic conditions serve as _____________ of criminal behavior.

A) releasers
B) restrictors
C) motivators
D) facilitators

Question 5

Robert Merton viewed society as a _____________ force that ________________ criminal behavior.

A) positive, restrained
B) positive, motivated
C) negative, restrained
D) negative, motivated

Question 6

Which of the following theories asserts that human beings are naturally good until corrupted by society?

A) social control theory
B) social learning theory
C) both a and b
D) none of the above

Question 7

In the study tracing the trajectory of physical aggressive behavior among children, the trend was for aggressive behavior to ______________ among low and moderately aggressive children and ________ during adolescence among those defined as "highly aggressive" during toddlerhood.

A) rise, diminish
B) rise, rise
C) diminish, rise
D) diminish, diminish

Question 8

Social learning theories have a(n) ____________ concept of human nature

A) positive
B) negative
C) environmental
D) blank slate

Question 9

Impulsiveness, a central component of low self-control, is strongly related to ______ levels of serotonin.

A) high
B) low
C) moderate
D) inconsistent

Question 10

Which of the following is a "super trait" according to Robert Agnew?

A) impulsiveness
B) empathy
C) self-control
D) all the above

Question 11

Which of the following is one of the five life domains according to Agnew?

A) personality
B) family
C) peers
D) all the above

Question 12

Which of the following is a statement that is true only because of its logical form (i.e., by definition)?

A) tautology
B) causal claim
C) consequence
D) criminology

Question 13

Parental effects establish a certain level of self-control in their children and also account for significant population variance in self-control.

Question 14

Merton viewed anomie as a permanent condition of capitalist society generated by the cultural/structural disjunction between goals and means.

Question 15

Social learning and control theories are the two most popular theories among contemporary criminologists.