Question 1

Philosophy means:&#10;A) mother of science&#10;B) love of wisdom&#10;C) whole of knowledge&#10;D) child like wonder

Accepted Answer

Philosophy derives from the Greek word "philo-sophia," which means "love of wisdom." It involves the study of fundamental questions and ideas about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and ethics. While it may contribute to science or knowledge in general, its primary goal is to seek wisdom and knowledge for its own sake. Thus, "love of wisdom" best captures the essence of Philosophy.

Question 2

Philosophers' work is judged by:&#10;A) logic and language&#10;B) power of findings&#10;C) qualitative data&#10;D) quantitative data

Accepted Answer

Philosophers' work is primarily judged by the quality of their reasoning and the clarity and precision of their language. The focus is on using logical arguments to support their claims and assertions, rather than on generating quantitative or qualitative data.

Question 3

Einstein's works often referenced the philosophical works of:&#10;A) Kant&#10;B) Hume&#10;C) Spinoza&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Einstein's works often referenced the works of Kant, Hume, and Spinoza, among other philosophers, as he believed that their ideas could help inform and enrich his own theories.

Question 4

Who lectured extensively on Immanuel Kant's ontology and epistemology in terms of interpreting quantum phenomena?&#10;A) Einstein&#10;B) Bohr&#10;C) Heisenberg&#10;D) Schrodinger

Accepted Answer

Werner Heisenberg, a key figure in the development of quantum mechanics, lectured extensively on the implications of quantum theory, often discussing the philosophical aspects of science, including Immanuel Kant's ontology and epistemology. Heisenberg's work, including the uncertainty principle, delves into questions about the nature of reality and how we can know it, themes central to Kant's philosophy.

Question 5

Philosophers use logic that is:&#10;A) inductive&#10;B) deductive&#10;C) conductive&#10;D) both a and b

Accepted Answer

The answer of Philosophers use logic that is:&#10;A) inductive&#10;B) deductive&#10;C)...

Question 6

The principle that virtue lies at the midpoint between polar vices of excess and deficiency is _________ golden mean.&#10;A) Kant's&#10;B) Einstein's&#10;C) Aristotle's&#10;D) Heisenberg's

Accepted Answer

The principle that virtue lies at the midpoint between polar vices of excess and deficiency is known as Aristotle's Golden Mean. This concept refers to finding the right balance between two extremes, avoiding both the deficiency and the excess of a particular trait. For example, courage lies between cowardice and recklessness. Aristotle argued that individuals must strive to achieve a balance in all aspects of their lives to become virtuous.

Question 7

Social learning theories have a(n) ____________ concept of human nature&#10;A) positive&#10;B) negative&#10;C) environmental&#10;D) blank slate

Accepted Answer

Social learning theories have a blank slate concept of human nature, meaning that individuals are shaped by their environment and experiences, rather than having inherent traits or characteristics.

Question 8

Who believed in God-given free will and holding criminals responsible for their actions?&#10;A) Jeremy Bentham&#10;B) Cesare Lombroso&#10;C) Raffaele Garofalo&#10;D) both a and c

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who believed in God-given free will and...

Question 9

__________ states that given the presence of X, there is a certain probability that Y will occur.&#10;A) Scientific determinism&#10;B) Statistical determinism&#10;C) Chaotic determinism&#10;D) both a and b

Accepted Answer

Statistical determinism states that given the presence of X, there is a certain probability that Y will occur.

Question 10

Determinism is the operating assumption of criminological theories defined as positivist, such as _________.&#10;A) rational choice theory&#10;B) social learning theory&#10;C) age-graded life course theory&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Determinism is the belief that behavior is determined by factors outside of an individual's control, such as genetics or environmental influences. Social learning theory is a positivist theory that suggests that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others and exposure to deviant behavior. Therefore, social learning theory aligns with the deterministic approach to explaining criminal behavior. Rational choice theory and age-graded life course theory, on the other hand, are not typically categorized as positivist theories and do not operate under a deterministic assumption.

Question 11

Behavioral genetic studies consistently find that as we age the influences of shared environments on our personalities and cognitive abilities ___________.&#10;A) increases&#10;B) decreases a little&#10;C) stays constant&#10;D) disappears

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behavioral genetic studies consistently find that as...

Question 12

According to the text, it would seem most social scientists, if judged by the content of their textbooks, journals, and curriculum, are ___________.&#10;A) determinists&#10;B) complementists&#10;C) compatablists&#10;D) instructionists

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, it would seem...

Question 13

Genetic determinism is the idea that ____________.&#10;A) genes direct each individual response to experience and environment&#10;B) social behavior is a direct outcome of genetic programing&#10;C) criminality can be traced to a collection of genes that should be tested for&#10;D) you can predict a persons future at birth by looking at their DNA

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genetic determinism is the idea that ____________.&#10;A)...

Question 14

For empirical scientists, philosophy is a waste of time and has nothing to offer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For empirical scientists, philosophy is a waste...

Question 15

Philosophy concerns itself with examining the assumptions, methods, and ethics that to particular sciences as well as &#34;grand problems&#34; central to all sciences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Philosophy concerns itself with examining the assumptions,...

Question 16

B. F. Skinner insisted that we don't have free will but keep pretending that we do.

Accepted Answer

The answer of B. F. Skinner insisted that we don't...

Deck 1: The Usefulness of Philosophy in Criminology