Deck 13: The Future of Corrections

Question 1

In predicting future correctional trends, ________ focus primarily on external factors.

A) internal audits
B) environmental scans
C) negative reviews
D) psychics

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The highest imprisonment and probation rates in the world are found in:

A) the United States
B) Sweden
C) Japan
D) Uganda

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Between 2007 and 2017 prison populations in the U.S. decreased by:

A) 13%
B) 27%
C) 54%
D) 70%

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The notion that we should reduce our reliance on imprisonment and instead should address underlying social problems that contribute to crime has been called:

A) supply-and-demand
B) the medical model
C) restorative justice
D) justice reinvestment

Question 5

The idea of abolishing some or all prisons has been associated with the ________ approach.

A) retributive
B) justice model
C) restorative justice
D) medical model

Question 6

Samuel Walker has proposed the concept of the law of criminal justice thermodynamics in which:

A) as penalties become harsher they are less likely to be applied
B) as penalties become harsher they are more likely to be applied
C) as penalties become harsher the public becomes less interested
D) as penalties become less severe the news media become more critical

Question 7

Which of the following groups has been fighting to reduce the severity of correctional punishments?

A) American Bar Association
B) Families Against Mandatory Minimums
C) Mothers Against Drunk Driving
D) National District Attorneys Association

Question 8

All of the following are external factors that affect correctional agencies and organizations except:

A) economic downturns
B) how many women are hired as COs
C) changes in laws
D) political changes

Question 9

In 2018 Congress passed the ________ as a way to reduce harsh sanctions against some federal offenders.

A) First Step Act
B) Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act
C) Bail Reform Act
D) Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act

Question 10

Which 2011 U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that overcrowding in the California Department of Corrections constituted cruel and unusual punishment?

A) Gideon v. Wainwright
B) Bell v. Wolfish
C) Brown v. Plata
D) Morrissey v. Brewer

Question 11

Which of the following states has passed legislation to increase the maximum age of juvenile court jurisdiction to 20 by 2022?

A) Virginia
B) Missouri
C) Mississippi
D) Vermont

Question 12

A good predictor of the number of admissions to correctional facilities is:

A) the number of males 25 to 40 years of age in the population
B) the number of males 15 to 24 years of age in the population
C) the number of females 15 to 24 years of age in the population
D) the number of females 12 to 15 years of age in the population

Question 13

A study in 2008 found that in 12 states women comprise ______ or more of the correctional workforce.

A) 40%
B) 50%
C) 60%
D) 70%

Question 14

According to the text, what characteristic was found most often (52%) in jail arrestees who had two or more arrests in the past 12 months?

A) substance abuse disorder
B) less than high school education
C) serious mental illness
D) unemployed

Question 15

What do we call the group of people and agencies that have a vested interest in the way corrections operates in the United States?

A) an evidence-based operation
B) full employment policies
C) the defense-industrial complex
D) the prison-industrial complex

Question 16

For most of our nation's history the guiding principle of corrections has been punishment (retribution).

Question 17

Between 2007 and 2017 prison populations increased 13%.

Question 18

Justice reinvestment is somewhat linked to the notion of rehabilitation.

Question 19

The law of criminal justice thermodynamics says that building more prisons will decrease the crime rate.

Question 20

A roadmap for an agency's operation for the next five to ten years is called an operational perspective.

Question 21

Downturns in the economy of a state or the nation can have an influence on correctional policies and practices.

Question 22

Beginning in about 2010 there was increasing public sentiment for even harsher correctional punishments.

Question 23

A black swan event is something that was unforeseen but which has an impact on the criminal justice system.

Question 24

Safety and security are the foundation of all correctional operations.

Question 25

In most states correctional employees are among the highest paid state workers.

Question 26

Which correctional philosophy seems to be dominating current discussions? Are there factors at work that would indicate a change in the near future?

Question 27

What do we mean by the concept of "justice reinvestment?" If we follow this approach where might it lead us in terms of correctional policies and practices?

Question 28

What do we mean by the law of criminal justice thermodynamics? What does this law tell us about the adaptive behaviors of those working in criminal justice?

Question 29

What do we mean by evidence-based knowledge/practices, and what impact does this have (or would this have) on the field of corrections?

Question 30

Define, describe, and explain the notion of a prison-industrial complex. What impact does this have on correctional policies and practices?