Deck 1: Introduction to Corrections

Question 1

Places in England where people were imprisoned until they could pay obligations they owed were called:

A) penitentiaries
B) debtors' prisons
C) jails
D) workhouses

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The custody supervision of convicted offenders defines:

A) penal servitude
B) reformation
C) restitution
D) corrections

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to the U.S. Department of Justice, in 2017 there were __________ people under some form of correctional supervision.

A) 6.8 million
B) 1.4 million
C) 650,700
D) 59,450

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The extensive use of correctional custody in the United States has been called:

A) rehabilitation
B) just deserts
C) mass incarceration
D) reformation

Question 5

Most of the people under correctional supervision in the United States are on:

A) parole
B) probation
C) house arrest
D) work release

Question 6

Community-based half-way house placement would be an example of:

A) restitution
B) retribution
C) institutional programming
D) intermediate sanction

Question 7

Based on the numbers reported in the book, the state of __________ has the highest per capita prison population in the United States.

A) Georgia
B) Maine
C) Iowa
D) Alaska

Question 8

The lex talionis is associated with the correctional philosophy of:

A) restitution
B) rehabilitation
C) retribution
D) reintegration

Question 9

Punishment designed to prevent future offending by individuals or groups defines:

A) reintegration
B) deterrence
C) equity
D) justice

Question 10

Locking up career criminals to reduce the amount of crime committed would be an example of what kind of policy?

A) mass probation
B) restorative justice
C) reintegration
D) selective incapacitation

Question 11

The dominant correctional philosophy in the United States from the 1950s through the 1970s was:

A) rehabilitation
B) just deserts
C) restitution
D) social isolation

Question 12

Which of the following focuses on repairing the harm done to victims and the community?

A) mass incarceration
B) community corrections
C) restorative justice
D) selective incapacitation

Question 13

The overrepresentation of people of color in the U.S. justice system is often labeled:

A) just deserts
B) intermediate correctional sanctions
C) disproportionate minority contact
D) economically justified

Question 14

Specific deterrence assumes that if we punish an individual, we prevent that person from committing future crimes.

Question 15

One example of the policy of selective incapacitation is the use of half-way houses.

Question 16

The research by Robert Martinson and his colleagues has often been interpreted to mean that "nothing works" in corrections.

Question 17

American Indians represent the minority group with the highest rate of incarceration in the United States.

Question 18

The idea that money spent on corrections could be better spent on front-end programs that could prevent future crimes has been called justice reinvestment.

Question 19

In 2018 the average annual cost to imprison an offender in a federal prison facility in the United States was over $100,000.

Question 20

Correctional populations in the United States are slowly decreasing.

Question 21

Public attitudes toward crime and criminals are getting much harsher.

Question 22

Define, describe, and explain the differences between retribution, deterrence, and incapacitation.

Question 23

What are policies like three-strikes legislation designed to achieve, and why or why not are they likely to be successful?

Question 24

What do we know about the relationships between race, class, and gender in correctional populations?

Question 25

Are people who commit crimes completely free to make their choices or not? Provide justifications for your answer.

Question 26

Describe some of the factors contributing to the recent decline in correctional populations in the United States.