Deck 7: Gender in North American Sport: Continuity and Change Main Themes

Question 1

"Gender" refers to individuals' roles and stereotypes that are considered normal or acceptable behaviors for males and females in a given society.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Historically, school sports programs have tended to reinforce traditional gender roles.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Organized sport has historically been an active instrument for resisting and opposing patriarchy.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

One of the moral justifications of sex discrimination in sport has been based on myths about the consequences of women's participation.

Question 5

Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, was an ardent advocate for women's participation in the Olympics.

Question 6

The feminist movement began as a result of prejudice and discrimination against female athletes.

Question 7

The roles of woman and successful athlete were virtually incompatible in North America during the nineteenth century.

Question 8

Although there has been a significant transformation in media treatment of women in sport, there are still major differences in women's and men's sports coverage.

Question 9

One of the most significant consequences of Title IX is that over the past thirty years there has been an increase in the percentages of women in interscholastic and intercollegiate coaching roles.

Question 10

The Civil Rights Restoration Act reinterpreted the Title IX language to apply only to a
specific program or departments that receive federal funds.

Question 11

Most of those who defend the progress toward gender equity in women's intercollegiate sports are advocates of eliminating men's sports teams to achieve that end.

Question 12

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Constitution Act of 1982 provides legal and constitutional rights toward gender equity in Canada.

Question 13

Whether sports participation is considered feminine depends primarily on cultural definitions of appropriate feminine behavior.

Question 14

The 2016 version of the Pew Research Center survey of attitudes about homosexuality found that over 60 percent of both Canadians and Americans supported the proposition that homosexuality should be accepted by society.

Question 15

In the ten-year period between 2006 and 2017, NCAA universities had a net gain in men's Division I-A, Division II, and Division III intercollegiate teams.

Question 16

As of 2017, positions with the International Olympic Committee were about evenly divided between men and women.

Question 17

The teaching of sex-role ideology comes from a range of cultural sources, but the most persistent instruction comes from

A) parents.
B) peers.
C) teachers.
D) siblings.

Question 18

Traditionally, adolescent girls dropped the pursuit of serious sport involvement because

A) they had no interest in continuing with participation.
B) of physical inability.
C) of societal pressure to become passive and inactive.
D) they did not like to perspire.

Question 19

The single most significant legislation for females in sport was

A) the Mann Act.
B) Title IV of the Educational Opportunity Act of 1974.
C) Title IX of the Educational Amendment Acts of 1972.
D) the Taft-Hartley Act.

Question 20

Which of the following is not an effect of Title IX:

A) increased numbers of females in athletic participation at the high school level.
B) increased numbers of females in athletic participation at the college level.
C) increased percentages of females in athletic administration.
D) increased monies allocated for female athletic programs.

Question 21

To argue that sexism has become institutionalized in sport means

A) sexist attitudes have become the primary basis for discriminatory behavior.
B) sexist discrimination has been accepted by both men and women.
C) sexist discrimination has become a part of the structure of sport.
D) female athletes do not experience discrimination outside of organized sports programs.

Question 22

As participation of female athletes has gone _ in high school and collegiate sport, the percent of women in coaching and sport administration has gone .

A) up/up
B) down/down
C) down/up
D) up/down

Question 23

One of the figures in your textbook illustrates that over the history of the Winter Olympic Games, the number of female athletes competing

A) has remained about the same as the number of male athletes.
B) has not increased at all.
C) has increased from about half the number of men to about the same number as men.
D) has still not come close to narrowing the gap between men and women at the Winter Olympic Games.

Question 24

Laura Frances Chase's study of the sources of pleasure and satisfaction for female rugby players found that many of them were attracted to rugby because

A) it gave them an opportunity to participate in an aggressive, physically demanding collision sport.
B) it was not as rough as they imagined it would be.
C) it was a good way to meet male athletes.
D) they liked to wear the equipment worn in playing rugby.
E) None of the above

Question 25

One of the outcomes of gay liberation has been the founding of sport organizations by and for gays and lesbians. The most prestigious sport organization, and event, is

A) the Gay Games.
B) the Gay and Lesbian Aquatics Games.
C) the Gay Winter Olympics.
D) Gay and Lesbian NASCAR 500.

Question 26

Historically, gender differentiation has been powerfully constructed through sport and the culture of sport. Assuming that this is an accurate statement, describe the ways and means by which this has happened.

Question 27

Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972 was a landmark piece of federal
legislation. How did it relate to sports for females, and what have been its consequences for females?

Question 28

Describe the employment trends over the past twenty-five years in women's intercollegiate coaching and athletic administrations.

Question 29

Your textbook describes several sociocultural sources of sexism in American society. Identify two of these and describe how they contribute to gender inequality.

Question 30

Explain why sex-testing reinforces patriarchal relations.