Question 1

Archaeology is __________.&#10;A) the study of ancient species like dinosaurs&#10;B) concerned only with rulers of ancient societies&#10;C) the study of modern societies&#10;D) the study of ancient human societies using material remains to reconstruct human behavior

Accepted Answer

Archaeology is the study of ancient human societies using material remains such as artifacts, fossils, and buildings to reconstruct human behavior, culture, and development over time. It focuses on the physical remains of past societies and their interactions with the environment, rather than the study of modern societies or extinct species like dinosaurs. It also includes the study of ordinary people, not just rulers or elites of ancient societies.

Question 2

__________ is/are the archives of the past made up of surviving finds resulting from ancient human behavior.&#10;A) Middens&#10;B) The archaeological record&#10;C) Written records&#10;D) Hieroglyphs

Accepted Answer

The term "archaeological record" refers to the physical remains left behind by past human societies, which provide information about their activities, technology, and culture. This can include structures, artifacts, and other materials, and is a key source of information for understanding the history of human societies. Middens, written records, and hieroglyphs are all potentially part of the archaeological record, but they are specific types of evidence rather than the overarching concept.

Question 3

Historical records can be used to date archaeological sites as far back as __________.&#10;A) 10,000 years ago&#10;B) about 3,000 B. C.&#10;C) The B. C./A.D. boundary.&#10;D) about 1,000 years ago

Accepted Answer

Historical records can be used to date archaeological sites as far back as about 3,000 B.C. This is because the earliest known historical records date back to this time period, such as the invention of writing in Mesopotamia. While some records and artifacts may exist from earlier times, they are not as reliable for establishing a precise dating of archaeological sites.

Question 4

Which of the following materials CANNOT be used in radiocarbon dating?&#10;A) charcoal&#10;B) wood&#10;C) volcanic rock&#10;D) human remains

Accepted Answer

Radiocarbon dating can only be used on organic materials, such as plants and animals. Volcanic rock is not organic and therefore cannot be used in radiocarbon dating. Charcoal, wood, and human remains are all organic materials that can be used in radiocarbon dating.

Question 5

The only source of unbiased information is __________.&#10;A) oral histories&#10;B) written records&#10;C) archaeological records&#10;D) nonexistent in the archaeological context

Accepted Answer

All sources of information, including oral histories, written records, and archaeological records, have their biases and limitations. There is no source that is completely unbiased, especially in the archaeological context where interpretation plays a significant role.

Question 6

A concept developed by anthropologists to describe the distinctive adaptive system used by human beings is __________.&#10;A) culture&#10;B) invention&#10;C) diffusion&#10;D) prehistory

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists use the concept of culture to describe the distinctive adaptive system used by human beings. Culture encompasses the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society.

Question 7

Cultural systems don't include __________.&#10;A) tools&#10;B) burial customs&#10;C) religious beliefs&#10;D) DNA replication

Accepted Answer

Cultural systems refer to the shared beliefs, traditions, practices, and values of a particular group of people. DNA replication, on the other hand, is a biological process that occurs at a cellular level and is not part of a cultural system.

Question 8

Cultural processes in the past and present include all of the following EXCEPT __________.&#10;A) invention&#10;B) mutation&#10;C) diffusion&#10;D) migration

Accepted Answer

Mutations are biological processes, not cultural ones. The other options – invention, diffusion, and migration – are all cultural processes.

Question 9

An example of climate affecting an ancient society comes from the __________ that lived on the north coast of Peru.&#10;A) Inca&#10;B) Egyptians&#10;C) Moche&#10;D) Maya

Accepted Answer

The Moche civilization lived on the north coast of Peru from around 100-700 AD. They were highly reliant on their agricultural practices and the local climate played a critical role in their ability to grow crops. Research has shown that a severe drought occurred during the latter half of their civilization which likely contributed to their decline and eventual collapse.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true about unilinear cultural evolution?&#10;A) it was influenced by Darwin's theory of biological and natural selection&#10;B) it is applied to the analysis of societies today&#10;C) it suggested that human societies evolved from simple (barbarism) to more complex (civilization)&#10;D) it had biases regarding the superiority of one society over another

Accepted Answer

Unilinear cultural evolution was a theoretical framework developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century, which suggested that all human societies evolved along a single trajectory of increasing complexity and cultural sophistication. However, this framework has been largely discredited by anthropologists today, who recognize the diversity and complexity of cultural traditions around the world. Therefore, it is not applied to the analysis of societies today.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about multilinear cultural evolution?&#10;A) it does not apply to societies today&#10;B) cultural ecology is at the core of this theory&#10;C) societies can't be divided into bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and state-organized&#10;D) there is controversy over the classification in multilinear cultural evolution

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 12

An approach to studying hunter-gatherer societies that is based on the assumption that people will use the most efficient foraging strategies relative to considerations of energy and time expended is __________.

A) post-processualism
B) the contingency model
C) optimal foraging strategy
D) processualism

Accepted Answer

The answer of An approach to studying hunter-gatherer societies that...

Question 13

Some kind of innovation, material or otherwise, produced by a person or group at one place at a single moment in time is a(n) __________.&#10;A) discovery&#10;B) invention&#10;C) midden&#10;D) diffusion

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some kind of innovation, material or otherwise,...

Question 14

__________ refers to the biological (male or female), whereas __________ is culturally constructed.&#10;A) Gender; sex&#10;B) Sex; orientation&#10;C) Orientation; sex&#10;D) Sex; gender

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ refers to the biological (male or...

Question 15

Important aspects of ancient trade include __________.&#10;A) obtaining raw or finished materials that are unavailable locally&#10;B) impersonal interactions&#10;C) transmission of writing styles&#10;D) the types of materials used in the construction of ancient ships

Accepted Answer

The answer of Important aspects of ancient trade include __________.&#10;A)...

Question 16

The ancient Maya elites exercised their power over the populace by __________.&#10;A) creating economic monopolies&#10;B) creating symbolic models of the Maya universe in the center of their cities&#10;C) sacrificing dissenters&#10;D) controlling the agricultural base

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ancient Maya elites exercised their power...

Question 17

A simple form of human social organization that flourished for most of prehistory and consists of a family or series of families with 20 to 50 people is a __________.&#10;A) band&#10;B) tribe&#10;C) state&#10;D) chiefdom

Accepted Answer

The answer of A simple form of human social organization...

Question 18

A form of social organization that has evolved some form of leadership structure and some mechanisms for distributing goods and services throughout the society is a __________.&#10;A) band&#10;B) tribe&#10;C) state&#10;D) chiefdom

Accepted Answer

The answer of A form of social organization that has...

Question 19

A group of bands unified by age-sets or secret societies and governed by a council of representatives from the bands is a __________.&#10;A) mega-band&#10;B) tribe&#10;C) state&#10;D) chiefdom

Accepted Answer

The answer of A group of bands unified by age-sets...

Question 20

A socially stratified society with a strongly centralized government, social complexity, and writing is a __________.&#10;A) band&#10;B) tribe&#10;C) state&#10;D) chiefdom

Accepted Answer

The answer of A socially stratified society with a strongly...

Question 21

Discuss the difference between the two types of archaeology - text-aided archaeology and prehistoric archaeology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the difference between the two types...

Question 22

Discuss the characteristics of bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the characteristics of bands, tribes, chiefdoms,...

Question 23

Discuss the importance of &#34;engendering&#34; the past. Use the example of the role of Aztec women in different aspects of Aztec life and society from the book.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the importance of &#34;engendering&#34; the past....

Deck 1: Introducing World Prehistory