Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a city as discussed in your text?&#10;A) a degree of organizational complexity&#10;B) large and dense settlement with populations at least in the thousands&#10;C) specialization and interdependence&#10;D) the lower limit of a city is 10,000 people

Accepted Answer

The statement "the lower limit of a city is 10,000 people" is not accurate. Some cities may have less than 10,000 people and still be considered cities, while others may have more than 10,000 people but not be considered cities. The definition of a city varies based on location and cultural context.

Question 2

V. Gordon Childe proposed the &#34;Urban Revolution.&#34; It was characterized by __________.&#10;A) the development of pottery&#10;B) the emergence of new social classes of artisans and specialists&#10;C) the development of villages&#10;D) egalitarian social and economic structures

Accepted Answer

The Urban Revolution, as proposed by V. Gordon Childe, was characterized by the emergence of new social classes of artisans and specialists. It marked a transition from a primarily rural and egalitarian society to a more complex urban society with social hierarchies and specialized labor. The development of pottery and villages were important aspects of this transition, but not necessarily defining characteristics. Egalitarian social and economic structures were actually being replaced by more hierarchical ones during this transition.

Question 3

There are three themes to ecological theories about the origins of states. These include everything EXCEPT __________.&#10;A) diversity of local environments&#10;B) effect of cities on the environment&#10;C) ecological potential of river floodplains&#10;D) adoption of irrigation agriculture

Accepted Answer

The three themes to ecological theories about the origins of states are diversity of local environments, ecological potential of river floodplains, and adoption of irrigation agriculture. The effect of cities on the environment is not one of the three themes.

Question 4

Items mentioned in the text thought to be traded by elites to maintain their power include all of the following EXCEPT __________.&#10;A) firewood&#10;B) obsidian&#10;C) copper&#10;D) salt

Accepted Answer

Firewood is not a rare or valuable resource that would be used for trade by elites to maintain their power. Obsidian, copper, and salt were all highly valued resources that elites could control access to and use as a means of asserting their power over others.

Question 5

Dispersing of trade goods and other commodities from a central place throughout a society is referred to as __________.&#10;A) taxation&#10;B) bartering&#10;C) redistribution&#10;D) reciprocity

Accepted Answer

Redistribution involves the collection of goods and resources at a central location, followed by the dispersal of these goods and resources throughout a society in a way that satisfies the needs of all individuals. This is often done to ensure that basic needs are met, such as food, clothing, and shelter. Taxation and reciprocity do not involve the central collection and dispersal of goods, while bartering is a system of exchange rather than distribution.

Question 6

Colin Renfrew attributed the rise of the Minoan civilization to trading contacts as well as __________.&#10;A) the cultivation of olives and vines&#10;B) domestication of goats and the making of feta cheese&#10;C) the cultivation of tomatoes&#10;D) the mining of copper ores

Accepted Answer

Colin Renfrew suggested that the rise of the Minoan civilization was significantly influenced by their trading contacts and the cultivation of olives and vines, which were crucial agricultural activities in the region.

Question 7

The text points out that trade alone cannot be a primary source of the emergence of states. The author concludes that __________.&#10;A) trade was not a consequence of civilization&#10;B) only one aspect of trade can cause cultural change&#10;C) no one aspect of trade can cause an evolution in trading practices&#10;D) maritime shipping is the most important form of trade

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that while trade can contribute to the evolution of trading practices, it cannot be the sole source of state formation. Therefore, option C is the most accurate choice. The other choices are not supported by the text.

Question 8

__________ suggested that warfare, which came about from inter-village fighting over agricultural land, lead to state formation.&#10;A) Carneiro&#10;B) Flannery&#10;C) Renfrew&#10;D) Rathje

Accepted Answer

Carneiro's theory of circumscription proposed that competition over limited resources, especially agricultural land, led to warfare between neighboring villages. As a result, the victorious village would assimilate the losing village and form a larger social group, eventually leading to state formation.

Question 9

Power of states can be divided into three domains. These include all of the following EXCEPT __________.&#10;A) political&#10;B) corporative&#10;C) economic&#10;D) social

Accepted Answer

The power of states can be divided into political, economic, and social domains, but not corporative.

Question 10

A state of interdependence between neighboring political units, such as city-states, is referred to as __________.&#10;A) reciprocity&#10;B) chiefly cycling&#10;C) a polity&#10;D) peer-polity interaction

Accepted Answer

Peer-polity interaction refers to the relationship between neighboring political units, such as city-states, in which they are interdependent and have a reciprocal exchange of information, goods, services, and ideas. This interdependence can lead to competition, conflict, or cooperative relationships among the political units. Reciprocity refers to the exchange of goods and services between individuals or groups, while chiefly cycling refers to the succession of leaders in a hierarchical society. A polity refers to a political entity or state.

Question 11

According to the text, a city can be defined by its population. A generally used rule-of- thumb is a lower limit of __________ people for a city.&#10;A) 100,000&#10;B) 50,000&#10;C) 10,000&#10;D) 5,000

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, a city can...

Question 12

James Breasted's Fertile Crescent hypothesis assumes that __________.&#10;A) the low fertility of the Mesopotamian floodplain and the Nile Valley was a secondary cause for the appearance of cities and states in these regions&#10;B) larger grain consumption resulted from increased agricultural efficiency&#10;C) smaller grain surpluses resulted from social changes&#10;D) the extra food supported non-food producers, such as artisans, priests, and traders who were the backbone of state-organized societies

Accepted Answer

The answer of James Breasted's Fertile Crescent hypothesis assumes that...

Question 13

American archaeologist William Rathje developed a hypothesis that considered an explosion in long-distance exchange a fundamental cause of __________ civilization.&#10;A) Maya&#10;B) Egyptian&#10;C) Mississippian&#10;D) Toltec

Accepted Answer

The answer of American archaeologist William Rathje developed a hypothesis...

Question 14

Ecologically based theories of state formation __________.&#10;A) rely heavily on systems approaches&#10;B) have not lasted as long as many other hypotheses&#10;C) were extremely popular during the nineteenth century but have very few adherents today&#10;D) require heavy environmental understanding

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ecologically based theories of state formation __________.&#10;A)...

Question 15

In every part of the world where early civilization appeared __________.&#10;A) people must have produced enough surplus to free some individuals of the burden to produce food&#10;B) ceremonial centers were not a requirement&#10;C) the ceremonial center was the tertiary focus of power, exchange, and authority&#10;D) public executions for many violations of the law were common

Accepted Answer

The answer of In every part of the world where...

Question 16

When a complex society collapses __________.&#10;A) it usually becomes less egalitarian&#10;B) population densities rise&#10;C) information flow increases&#10;D) it becomes more egalitarian

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a complex society collapses __________.&#10;A) it...

Question 17

__________ has been described as a major potential cause for civilization.&#10;A) Earthquake response&#10;B) Irrigation&#10;C) Social change&#10;D) Cultural diffusion

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ has been described as a major...

Question 18

The Fertile Crescent theory __________.&#10;A) is implausible because the environment in all major centers of early civilizations is quite dissimilar&#10;B) is based on archaeological evidence from Sumer and southern China&#10;C) cites the fertility of the Nile and Mesopotamia floodplains as a primary reason for the emergence of cities&#10;D) relates the environmental conditions of the Deccan Plateau

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Fertile Crescent theory __________.&#10;A) is implausible...

Question 19

One major criticism of the hydraulic theory is that __________.&#10;A) in Mesopotamia, cities predate large-scale irrigation&#10;B) early civilization did not use irrigation&#10;C) large-scale irrigation does not necessarily require a bureaucracy&#10;D) most ancient civilizations became dependent on trade and animal husbandry and, therefore, did not require large-scale irrigation

Accepted Answer

The answer of One major criticism of the hydraulic theory...

Question 20

Early irrigation in Mesopotamia __________.&#10;A) required elaborate social organization&#10;B) was conducted on a large scale&#10;C) required a huge labor force&#10;D) was based on flooding of farm fields

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early irrigation in Mesopotamia __________.&#10;A) required elaborate...

Question 21

List and discuss three of the five features common to all preindustrial civilizations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and discuss three of the five...

Question 22

List and discuss three of the six classic theories of the emergence of states.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and discuss three of the six...

Question 23

What is meant by the statement, in the last part of the chapter, &#34;The record of early civilizations could easily be written in cyclical terms&#8230;&#34;?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is meant by the statement, in...

Deck 14: The Development of Civilization