Deck 10: Questionnaire Design

Question 1

A(n) _____ is a prepared set of questions (or measures) used by respondents or interviewers to record answers (data).

A) questionnaire
B) response guide
C) interview guide
D) method guide
E) pretest

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The steps, in order, to be followed in the design of a questionnaire are _____.

A) clarification of concepts; initial considerations; typology of the questionnaire; pre-testing of questionnaire; and administration of the questionnaire
B) initial considerations; clarify concepts; determine question types, format, and sequence; pretest the questionnaire; and administer the questionnaire
C) initial considerations; clarifying concepts; administering the questionnaire; determining question types, format, and sequence; and pretesting of questionnaire
D) select items; collect data; test for reliability; test for validity; test hypotheses; analyze results; and report findings
E) clarification of concepts; develop a large pool of items; test face validity; collect data; test for reliability; test for validity; and standardize results

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following are activities in the first step in the design of a questionnaire EXCEPT _____.

A) clarify the nature of the research problem and objectives
B) develop research questions to meet research objectives
C) define target population and sampling frame
D) decide on the grouping of the questions and the overall length of the questionnaire
E) determine sampling approach, sample size, and expected response rate.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

All of the following are activities performed in the last step in the design of a questionnaire EXCEPT _____.

A) identify the best practice for administering the type of questionnaire utilized
B) train and audit field workers, if required
C) ensure a process is in place to handle completed questionnaires
D) analyze initial data to identify limitations of the preliminary questions
E) determine the deadline and follow-up methods

Question 5

When the preliminary list of research questions has been agreed upon, the researcher must evaluate them from the respondent's perspective. All EXCEPT which of the following should the researcher consider?

A) Can the respondents understand the questions?
B) Do potential respondents have the knowledge to answer the questions?
C) Will the respondents be willing to answer the questions?
D) How long will it take the respondents to answer the questions?
E) To what extent can respondents be contacted and convinced to respond?

Question 6

With _____ questions, the respondent is given the option of choosing from a number of predetermined answers.

A) open-ended
B) closed-ended
C) constant sum
D) ambiguous
E) double-barreled

Question 7

"How often to you check email? with choices of:_____ less than once a day, _____ once a day, _____ twice a day, _____ three times a day, _____ more than three times a day" is an example of which type of question?

A) double-barreled
B) open-ended
C) leading question
D) closed-ended
E) decisive question

Question 8

A(n) _____ question places no constraints on respondents who are free to answer in their own words.

A) open-ended
B) closed-ended
C) free-range
D) ambiguous
E) double-barreled

Question 9

"Describe your last experience at a restaurant" is an example of which type of question?

A) leading
B) affective
C) open-ended
D) ambiguous
E) leading

Question 10

Why are open-ended questions relatively easy to develop?

A) because they have alternative answers already specified
B) because they place no constraints on respondents
C) because they are for classification purposes only
D) because the researcher does not have to specify the answer alternatives ahead of time
E) because they are short

Question 11

What is the major drawback to open-ended questions?

A) design is difficult and time consuming for the researcher
B) restricts the amount of information that a respondent can give
C) the responses cannot be quantified
D) not appropriate for qualitative, exploratory studies
E) takes a great deal more time and effort to understand the responses

Question 12

The design of closed-ended questions is more difficult, time consuming, and expensive compared to open-ended questions, but a benefit of closed-ended questions is _____.

A) they place no constraints on respondents who are free to answer in their own words
B) they can be pre-coded, making data collection, data input, and analysis relatively easy and less expensive.
C) they are short
D) allow for unaided recall and top-of-mind awareness questions
E) they are less biased

Question 13

Which type of question is typically used in quantitative studies employing large-scale surveys?

A) open-ended
B) closed-ended
C) branching
D) double-barreled
E) screening

Question 14

Questionnaires are typically constructed into how many sections?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 15

The initial questions on a questionnaire are referred to as _____.

A) initial considerations
B) primary data
C) opening questions
D) classification questions
E) screening questions

Question 16

Usually, the first couple of opening questions are designed to _____.

A) collect data for hypothesis testing
B) classify respondents to better understand them
C) answer the research questions
D) establish rapport with the respondents by gaining their attention and stimulating their interest in the topic
E) establish rapport with the respondents by asking questions irrelevant to the topic being researched.

Question 17

Which type of questions is used to ensure that respondents included in the study are those that meet the predetermined criteria of the target population?

A) screening questions
B) classification questions
C) funneling questions
D) qualifying questions
E) pretest questions

Question 18

A researcher is interested in whether or not employees understand their health care benefit options, so the first question in a telephone interview asked respondents if they were full-time employees with health insurance benefits before any other questions were asked regarding respondents' knowledge of those benefits. If they indicated that they do not work full time, then the researcher would politely thank them and terminate the interview. Which type of question is this called?

A) funneling question
B) classification question
C) screening question
D) determination question
E) skipping question

Question 19

Which of the following is used to direct respondents to the appropriate section of the questionnaire?

A) screening questions
B) classification questions
C) pretest questions
D) directional questions
E) skipping questions

Question 20

John was taking a survey and because he indicated that he owned a motorcycle, he was directed to another set of questions related to motorcycle safety. The initial question asking if he owned a motorcycle is an example of a(n) ____

A) preliminary question
B) skipping question
C) classification question
D) aided question
E) unaided question

Question 21

The second group of questions on a questionnaire is referred to as the _____

A) bulk questions
B) relevant questions
C) primary questions
D) demographic questions
E) research topic questions

Question 22

Which section of the questionnaire has questions directed specifically at the topics addressed by the research objectives?

A) initial section
B) middle section
C) final section
D) classification section
E) screening section

Question 23

Moving from general to specific questions is referred to as a(n)_____.

A) funnel approach
B) branching approach
C) skipping approach
D) tunneling approach
E) aided approach

Question 24

_____questions are used to direct respondents to answer the right questions as well as questions in the proper sequence.

A) Directional
B) Branching
C) Filtering
D) Funnel
E) Leading

Question 25

Why are classification questions typically placed at the end of the questionnaire?

A) because they are not important
B) because they are used to screen respondents
C) because they typically seek information of a more personal nature that may affect the nature of responses to subsequent questions or even result in non-participation if they are asked early in the questionnaire
D) because this enable respondents to skip irrelevant questions that appear before them, but the researcher will still gather information on the research topic
E) because they might confuse respondents if they were placed early in the questionnaire

Question 26

All of the following are guidelines for preparing and presenting good questions EXCEPT _____.

A) use simple words
B) be brief
C) avoid ambiguity
D) use leading questions
E) prepare clear instructions

Question 27

Questions are _____ when they contain words that are unfamiliar to respondents or the words can have more than one meaning.

A) reliable
B) valid
C) double-barreled
D) leading
E) ambiguous

Question 28

Carl is interested in learning the fast food restaurants frequented by college students. Instead of asking, "Where did you last eat out?" the question used was, "When you last ate at a fast food restaurant, did you go to McDonald's, Burger King, Wendy's or some other fast food restaurant?" Phrasing the question this way is called a(n) _____.

A) double-barreled question
B) ambiguous question
C) valid question
D) aided question
E) unaided question

Question 29

"When did you last go to the movies?" is an example of which type of question?

A) valid question
B) aided question
C) unaided question
D) unordered question
E) contextual question

Question 30

_____ questions imply that a particular answer is correct or lead a respondent to a socially desirable answer.

A) Leading
B) Double-barreled
C) Ambiguous
D) Aided-response
E) Unaided-response

Question 31

"Considering the high rate of childhood obesity and the fact that many Americans eat fast food, do you think that fast food advertising in the U.S. should be banned?" is an example of which type of question?

A) ambiguous question
B) unaided response question
C) leading question
D) double-barreled question
E) biased question

Question 32

Which type of question makes interpretation difficult because it contains two or more issues?

A) leading question
B) double-barreled question
C) biased question
D) contextual question
E) dual-coded question

Question 33

A questionnaire has the question, "Are you the primary grocery shopper and food preparer for your family?" This is an example of a(n)_____ question.

A) ambiguous
B) leading
C) skipping
D) branching
E) double-barreled

Question 34

_____ bias occurs when asking specific questions before the more general questions, potentially causing the respondent to be more likely to include a reference to the specific information given in the early question.

A) Measurement
B) Researcher
C) Respondent
D) Position
E) Order

Question 35

_____ is a situation where a question posed early in a survey influences how respondents answer the later questions.

A) Measurement bias
B) Order bias
C) Sequential bias
D) Contextual bias
E) Respondent bias

Question 36

Which of the following occurs when the position of a question on a questionnaire relative to other questions influences the response?

A) measurement bias
B) respondent bias
C) context effect
D) leading effect
E) relative effect

Question 37

Sheila administers a questionnaire to a small sample of respondents with characteristics similar to the target population, and they complete the questionnaire in a setting similar to the actual research project. She asks respondents probing questions about each part of the questionnaire. Sheila is conducting a(n) _____.

A) dry run
B) simulated test
C) pretest
D) mini-test
E) copy-test

Question 38

Under what condition is a pretest recommended?

A) when a topic is new to a researcher
B) if the questionnaire will be used with a different group of respondents
C) if the questionnaire will be used in a different country
D) if it is a long questionnaire
E) all of these choices

Question 39

Which of the following is one of the major ways of administering a questionnaire?

A) through the mail
B) in person
C) over the telephone
D) electronically via email or hosted Web site
E) all of these choices

Question 40

In the "Ethical Dilemma," what problem did Shelly notice regarding the survey questions used assessing grocery shoppers' perceptions about local grocery store chains?

A) they were leading questions
B) they were skipping questions
C) they were double-barreled questions
D) they were ambiguous questions
E) they were branching questions

Question 41

A questionnaire and an interview guide are two different names for the same thing.

Question 42

With open-ended questions, the respondent is given the option of choosing from a number of predetermined answers.

Question 43

Opening questions are the beginning questions of a questionnaire.

Question 44

Screening questions are also known as filtering questions and are designed to make sure the respondents included in the study meet predetermined guidelines.

Question 45

Research topic questions typically ask things about attitudes, beliefs, opinions, behavior and so on about the topic being researched.

Question 46

Classification questions seek information that if often of a more personal nature.

Question 47

Leading questions are those that are the first in the survey.

Question 48

Double-barreled questions are used to reinforce an idea by asking it twice.

Question 49

Questions do not have to be asked in any specific order, in other words, they do not need to be organized by topics.

Question 50

Common methods variance is possible when the respondent's answers to the independent and dependent variables are correlated.

Question 51

Pretesting a questionnaire uses a sample of respondents with characteristics similar to those of the target population.

Question 52

Pilot tests are a type of pretest which involves refining or developing a scale to measure a construct.

Question 53

Define questionnaire and describe what is included in the interview and observation guides.

Question 54

Briefly describe the structure of a questionnaire.

Question 55

Discuss the types of questions that should be avoided when designing questionnaires.

Question 56

Explain why it is important to carefully consider where specific questions are placed on a questionnaire.

Question 57

Identify the steps to be followed in the design of a questionnaire and briefly describe the activities involved in each step.

Question 58

When the preliminary list of research questions has been agreed upon, the researcher must evaluate them from the respondent's perspective. Discuss the issues the researcher must consider at this point.

Question 59

Compare and contrast open-ended and closed-ended questions. Give an example of each and discuss when each is most appropriate.

Question 60

Converting research objectives into questions that will be understood and correctly answered by respondents is not an easy task. Suggest five guidelines for preparing and presenting good questions.