Deck 1: Adaptations From Training

Question 1

Skeletal muscle is also known as smooth muscle.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The more cross bridges that can be formed between actin and myosin, the more force can be produced.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

There are reflexes that exist outside the corticospinal tract.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Motor units can contain both slow-twitch muscle fibers and fast-twitch muscle fibers.

Question 5

The glycolytic energy system fuels the first six to ten seconds of exercise.

Question 6

The muscle that performs a movement is called the agonist.

Question 7

When muscle fibers undergo hypertrophy, the fibers split into more fibers.

Question 8

Growth hormone increases cellular amino acid uptake and protein synthesis.

Question 9

The minimum essential strain is the amount of strain required to fracture a bone.

Question 10

Aerobic exercise increases the size and number of mitochondria.

Question 11

The electrochemical signal that changes the charge of the nerve and muscle fibers is the:

A) Cross-bridge
B) Striation
C) Action potential
D) Minimum essential strain

Question 12

Which type of muscle fibers generate a large amount of force, quickly, for a short period of time?

A) Slow-twitch
B) Fast-twitch
C) Actin
D) Mitochondria

Question 13

At the most basic level, what compound does the body use to fuel movement?

A) Adenosine triphosphate
B) Myosin
C) Water
D) Sodium

Question 14

Which of the following activities would primarily be fueled by the phosphagen energy system?

A) Swimming 1000 meters
B) 12-minute run
C) Marathon
D) Vertical jump

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of co-activation?

A) The biceps brachii during a barbell curl
B) The hamstrings during a back squat
C) The gastrocnemius during calf raises
D) The quadriceps group during knee extensions

Question 16

Which of the following is not a possible genetic limitation of hypertrophy?

A) Number of nuclei per muscle fibers
B) Number of satellite cells per muscle fiber
C) Number of mitochondria per muscle fiber

Question 17

A tissue degrading response to training is known as:

A) Anabolic
B) Catabolic
C) Depolarization
D) Repolarization

Question 18

Which of the following is the primary catabolic hormone?

A) Testosterone
B) Growth hormone
C) Insulin-like growth factor
D) Cortisol

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an exercise that would stimulate new bone formation at the femur?

A) Bench press
B) Swimming
C) Back squats
D) Pull-ups

Question 20

Differentiate between actin and myosin.

Question 21

If muscle fibers are in series, how is this different from pennate muscle fibers?

Question 22

How does a change in muscle fiber pennation angle effect performance?

Question 23

What are the differencse between testosterone and cortisol?

Question 24

List the factors that are important for bone to adapt to a training program.

Question 25

Describe the muscle contraction process starting at the brain and ending with the shortening of the muscle fiber.

Question 26

How could muscle fiber types impact athletic performance?

Question 27

Describe the three energy systems.

Question 28

What are potential neural adaptations to training?

Question 29

Describe the chronic hormonal adaptations to training.

Question 30

How does the presence of lactic acid impact an athlete's ability to train?

Question 31

The author describes conflicts in the literature with regards to neural adaptations to training. What are these conflicts? If true, how would these conflicts impact the way in which we train athletes?