Deck 4: Aggression

Question 1

Instrumental aggression is directed towards:

A) Harming another person
B) Destroying an object
C) Obtaining personal reward
D) Threatening another person
E) General violence

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Reactive aggression is a:

A) Non-voluntary response
B) Stress reaction
C) Response to an unwelcome question
D) Response to aggression from someone else
E) Reflex reaction

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Key concepts of social learning theory include:

A) Classical and operant conditioning
B) Classical conditioning, imitation, and reinforcement
C) Operant conditioning, imitation, and reinforcement
D) Observational learning, imitation, and vicarious reinforcement
E) Stimulus-response learning

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Social learning theory states that important factors include:

A) All of these
B) A same-sex or similar in age or personal style model
C) A model who is aspirational or desirable
D) Direct reinforcement, reward, or punishment
E) The individual having low self-esteem

Question 5

Exposure to a behaviour that initially seems aggressive can make it become more usual, so inhibitions about such behaviour are reduced, and this is known as:

A) Desensitisation
B) Disinclination
C) Disestablishment
D) Disrespect
E) Disinhibition

Question 6

Patterson et al. (1989) described the home environment most likely to foster aggressive behaviour as:

A) Coercive
B) Cooperative
C) Uncomfortable
D) Dysfunctional
E) Disruptive

Question 7

Anderson and Dill (2000) suggest that the effects of violent video games are more powerful that those of watching violent films or TV programmes because the game playing is more:

A) Expensive
B) Exciting
C) Time-consuming
D) Passive
E) Active

Question 8

Research has shown that the cognitive activity involved in playing violent video games reduces the brain's:

A) Emotional responsiveness
B) General activity
C) Inhibition centres
D) Excitation levels
E) Stress levels

Question 9

Criticisms of Mead's (1935) classic cross-cultural research include:

A) Observer effects on the observed individuals
B) Short time spent with each tribe
C) Lack of knowledge of tribes' languages
D) Exaggeration of inter-tribal cultural differences
E) All of these

Question 10

The loss of personal identity and, as a result, personal responsibility when in a crowd or masked is known as:

A) Dehumanisation
B) Deindividuation
C) Demotivation
D) Delinquency
E) Delusion

Question 11

The prison guard uniforms in Zimbardo's prison experiment and the white cloaks and hoods of his electric shocks experiment have been said to have acted as:

A) Cognitive overload
B) Distractions
C) Disinhibition
D) Demand characteristics
E) Alienation

Question 12

The frustration-aggression hypothesis is criticized for not making a distinction between frustration that is _____ and that which is not:

A) justified
B) overwhelming
C) personal
D) imaginary
E) pointless

Question 13

Dysfunctional power systems theory suggests key factors for institutional aggression are stereotyping and:

A) Challenging the group's beliefs
B) Being invulnerable
C) Unquestioning belief in the group's morality
D) Heeding warnings
E) Accepting outside criticisms

Question 14

Research suggests that institutional aggression is more likely if the group is isolated from everyday life and has:

A) Close friendships
B) Close cohesion and ideology
C) A high level of compliance
D) Problems with colleagues
E) Strong unpleasant personality traits

Question 15

Virkkunen's (1985) research shows a link between violence and lower levels of:

A) Glucocorticoid hormones
B) Adrenaline
C) Noradrenaline
D) Testosterone
E) Dopamine

Question 16

Archer's (1982) research showed that levels of aggression were:

A) Only present in men
B) Greater in men
C) Greater in women
D) Similar in men and women
E) Only present in women

Question 17

MAOA deficiency is linked to aggression because it is involved in the:

A) Formation of testosterone
B) Breakdown of oestrogen
C) Breakdown of relationships
D) Formation of noradrenaline
E) Breakdown of noradrenaline

Question 18

Infidelity and jealousy can be explained as doubting the partner's:

A) Social commitment
B) Truthfulness
C) Economic commitment
D) Attractiveness
E) Emotional and/or physical infidelity

Question 19

Psychologists explain rape as the rapist having maladaptive sexuality, or being:

A) Unattractive and unsuccessful
B) Stressed and anxious
C) Addicted to sex
D) Controlled by high levels of testosterone
E) A megalomaniac

Question 20

Freud's explanation of a lynch mob as the aggressive explosion following the build-up of thanatos calls the mob:

A) A primal scream
B) A primal horde
C) Anally fixated
D) Phallicly fixated
E) Orally fixated