Deck 10: Psychopathology: Depression

Question 1

Depression is a psychopathology that is classified as a(n):

A) Panic disorder
B) Anxiety disorder
C) Mood disorder
D) Affect disorder
E) Biological disorder

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Depression is characterised by an abnormally:

A) Elated mood
B) Gloomy mood
C) Fearful mood
D) Depressed mood
E) Miserable mood

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The four most common types of depressive disorder are:

A) Unipolar (major), manic, multipolar, and dysthymic
B) Unipolar (major), bipolar, multipolar, and dysthymic
C) Unipolar (major), bipolar, manic, and dysthymic
D) Unipolar (major), bipolar, manic, and seasonal (SAD)
E) Unipolar (major), bipolar, dysthymic, and seasonal (SAD)

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The diagnosis of a major depressive disorder depends on:

A) Emotional, manic, somatic, and cognitive symptoms
B) Emotional, motor, somatic, and cognitive symptoms
C) Emotional, motivational, sensory, and cognitive symptoms
D) Emotional, motivational, somatic, and coping symptoms
E) Emotional, motivational, somatic, and cognitive symptoms

Question 5

Manic episodes in bipolar disorder include elevated or irritable mood and increased abnormal activity lasting at least:

A) 1 day
B) 3 days
C) 1 week
D) 2 weeks
E) 1 month

Question 6

The factors that cause depression may be external (or reactive) or internal, which is called:

A) Inward
B) Passive
C) Interior
D) Endogenous
E) Proactive

Question 7

Reliability, in diagnostic testing, means the findings are:

A) Different when done by different psychologists
B) The same for every depressive disorder sufferer
C) Highly variable
D) Different at different times
E) Accurate and consistent

Question 8

Validity, in diagnostic testing, means the tests are:

A) Measuring what is intended to be measured
B) The same for every depressive disorder sufferer
C) Highly variable
D) Different when done by different psychologists
E) All of these

Question 9

Many people with major depression also suffer from another psychopathology, which is known as:

A) Constancy
B) Cooperation
C) Coincidence
D) Conflict
E) Comorbidity

Question 10

Biological explanations of major depressive disorders focusing on genetics compare concordance rates in twins, which are the percentage of:

A) Both twins having the disorder
B) How many twin pairs are identical (MZ)
C) How many twin pairs are fraternal (DZ)
D) How many twins were raised apart
E) How many twins were raised together

Question 11

Concordance rates support genetic causes for depressive disorders if the rate for identical twins is:

A) Much less than for fraternal twins
B) Much greater than for fraternal twins
C) The same as for fraternal twins
D) Greater for adoptive parents than biological parents
E) The same for adoptive and biological parents

Question 12

Evolutionary explanations for depressive disorders are supported by Watson and Andrews' (2002) concept of:

A) Social motivation
B) Socialisation
C) Social learning
D) Social navigation
E) Social attribution

Question 13

Evolutionary explanations for phobias are challenged by:

A) All of these
B) None of these
C) Very low levels of motivation in depressed individuals
D) Increased risk of suicide in depressed individuals
E) Evolutionary explanations being conjecture and speculation

Question 14

Biochemical explanations for depression suggest that normal control of noradrenaline and dopamine is prevented by low levels of:

A) Stress hormones
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) Cortisol
E) Adrenaline

Question 15

Psychodynamic theory regards depressive disorders as repressed anger directed at the self as a result of:

A) Individual sexuality
B) Problems in adulthood
C) Fixation at the anal stage
D) Actual or symbolic loss
E) Repressed anger against same-sex parents

Question 16

Behavioural explanations for depression suggest that these are learned when individuals find their efforts are:

A) Associated with failure
B) Modelled by others
C) Poorly rewarded or punished
D) Associated with being anti-social
E) Hampered by personal stress

Question 17

Cognitive theory suggests that depression is the result of:

A) Social and genetic biases
B) Challenging social norms
C) Problems in adulthood
D) Actual loss
E) Negative schemas and thinking

Question 18

Social (life events) explanations of depression typically depend on retrospective data, which means that:

A) Serious life events occur a year before the depression develops
B) Causality can be established
C) Causality cannot be established
D) More serious life events have occurred
E) Less serious life events have occurred

Question 19

Problems with biological therapy using drugs include:

A) All of these
B) Treating symptoms rather than causes
C) Being less effective if a second or third course of treatment is needed
D) Having unwanted and unpleasant side-effects
E) None of these

Question 20

Psychological therapies such as behaviour, cognitive, or cognitive-behavioural therapy are criticised because they tend to:

A) Focus on early childhood experiences
B) Ignore the basic underlying causes of depression
C) Not address improving mood
D) Not address change
E) Produce a very slow rate of improvement