Deck 12: Juvenile Courts

Question 1

This is the final determination of treatment for a juvenile found responsible for delinquency or status offense.

A) sentence
B) disposition
C) punishment
D) judgment

Answer 1

B

Question 2

This legislation offered states federal funds if they kept status offenders out of detention.

A) Child and Youth Services Act
B) Miranda Act
C) Brady Act
D) Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act

Answer 2

D

Question 3

This refers to the state of requiring the support of another party, such as a parent or the state.

A) youthful
B) recidivist
C) dependent
D) reliance

Answer 3

C

Question 4

This concept derives from the ancient English consideration that the Crown is responsible for the well-being of its subjects.

A) parens patriae
B) dependency
C) mens rea
D) pater familias

Question 5

This was a group of social reformers who sought to change the justice system to provide better treatment for children.

A) child savers
B) youth court
C) juvenile court
D) children's crusade

Question 6

What case made juveniles exempt from capital punishment?

A) In re Gault
B) Weeks v. United States
C) J.D.B. v. North Carolina
D) Roper v. Simmons

Question 7

Which is not a theme of the early juvenile court?

A) Youths have all the rights that adults have.
B) The government must intervene in families that inadequately care for and control their children.
C) Youths must be controlled and supervised.
D) All children are dependent.

Question 8

Cultural shifts strongly influenced delinquency theory and policy during the _____ period.

A) refuge
B) juvenile court
C) juvenile rights
D) crime control

Question 9

To __________ is to hear a case involving a juvenile and hand down a disposition.

A) judge
B) try
C) adjudicate
D) rule

Question 10

This is the idea that the actual amount of crime and delinquency cannot be known because some offenses are not counted in the official crime statistics and may even occur without anyone's knowledge.

A) uncounted offenses
B) dark figure of crime
C) official crime reports
D) statistical error

Question 11

Applying a tag that may affect an individual's self-perception and behavior is referred to as _______.

A) tagging
B) naming
C) labeling
D) logging

Question 12

What is the juvenile equivalent of an adult arrest?

A) petitioning
B) arrest
C) adjudication
D) taking into custody

Question 13

What is the juvenile equivalent of an adult charge or indictment?

A) petition
B) charge
C) indictment
D) label

Question 14

According to the text, why might authorities take a juvenile into custody?

A) for being neglected or abused
B) for a status offense
C) for committing a delinquent act
D) all of the above

Question 15

According to the text, what is a likely action during juvenile intake?

A) handling the case formally with a petition to the court
B) case dismissal
C) handling the case informally (diversion)
D) all of the above

Question 16

According to the text, what might happen to an informal case?

A) The juvenile may be ordered to pay fines or restitution.
B) The case may be sent to court for a hearing.
C) The case may be handled in criminal court.
D) all of the above

Question 17

In these programs, youths sentence other youths for minor delinquency and status offenses.

A) teen court
B) juvenile court
C) criminal court
D) all of the above

Question 18

These hearings establish responsibility for a delinquent act.

A) bail hearings
B) sentencing hearings
C) adjudicatory hearings
D) status offense hearings

Question 19

In a hearing, who decides whether the juvenile is responsible for the delinquent act or status offense?

A) a jury
B) the judge
C) the prosecutor
D) the defense attorney

Question 20

In status offense cases, the standard of proof is _____.

A) a preponderance of evidence
B) beyond a reasonable doubt
C) probable cause
D) clear and convincing evidence

Question 21

In delinquency cases, the standard of proof is _____.

A) beyond a reasonable doubt
B) a preponderance of evidence
C) probable cause
D) substantial evidence

Question 22

This allows prosecutors the discretion to file cases in either juvenile or criminal court.

A) judicial waiver
B) statutory exclusion
C) concurrent jurisdiction
D) adjudication

Question 23

This requires certain delinquency cases-usually those that are particularly heinous, such as murder-to be waived to criminal court automatically.

A) concurrent jurisdiction
B) statutory exclusion
C) judicial waiver
D) adjudication

Question 24

These laws either authorize or require juvenile court judges to waive certain types of cases.

A) concurrent jurisdiction laws
B) statutory exclusion laws
C) judicial waiver laws
D) adjudication laws

Question 25

Fifteen states have _____ laws in which the juvenile court's only duty is to confirm that the statutory requirements are met before the case is sent to criminal court.

A) discretionary waiver
B) mandatory waiver
C) presumptive waiver
D) plea waiver

Question 26

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that waiving a juvenile case to criminal court without a formal hearing violates the juvenile's due-process rights.

A) In re Gault
B) Kent v. United States
C) In re Winship
D) Roper v. Simmons

Question 27

In this case, the Supreme Court held that juvenile proceedings had to comply with the Fourteenth Amendment.

A) In re Winship
B) Kent v. United States
C) In re Gault
D) Roper v. Simmons

Question 28

In this case, the Supreme Court held that a case against a juvenile must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt if the juvenile is charged with an offense that would be considered a criminal offense for an adult.

A) Kent v. United States
B) Roper v. Simmons
C) In re Gault
D) In re Winship

Question 29

This refers to activities by the system that increase the numbers of youths involved in the system and increase the involvement of those already in the system.

A) arrest
B) petitioning
C) net-widening
D) adjudication

Question 30

Both youth and adult offenses are handled by the same legal system.

Question 31

The power of the state is often wielded disproportionately against youths because the juvenile justice system does not provide them with the constitutional legal protections that adults have.

Question 32

According to some research, the adult ability to use empathy and planning to chart the correct behavioral course is not fully developed until young adulthood.

Question 33

Juveniles are considered to be less amenable to rehabilitation than adults.

Question 34

Supreme Court decisions during the 1960s implied that youths deserved fewer constitutional and due-process protections than adults.

Question 35

The modern juvenile court is a specialized court within the criminal court system.

Question 36

Like states and local jurisdictions, the federal government prosecutes juveniles.

Question 37

The juvenile court receives more status offenders than delinquents.

Question 38

Status offenses tend to increase with age until age 17.

Question 39

Most delinquents-both status offenders and serious delinquents- outgrow delinquency.