Question 1

The National Security Act of 1947 resolved the problem of inter-service rivalry by forcing the Armed Forces to train together and create joint doctrine.

Accepted Answer

The National Security Act of 1947 primarily established the National Military Establishment (later renamed the Department of Defense), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the National Security Council (NSC). It did not specifically address inter-service rivalry by forcing the Armed Forces to train together or create joint doctrine; those issues were addressed in later reforms and legislation.

Question 2

South Korea would not exist today if not for the proximity of the four Army divisions stationed in Japan.

Accepted Answer

The presence of four Army divisions stationed in Japan during the early stages of the Korean War provided a critical and rapid response force that helped to prevent the overrun of South Korea by North Korean forces. This strategic positioning allowed for a swift military intervention, which was crucial in the initial defense and eventual involvement of UN forces, significantly impacting the survival and continued existence of South Korea.

Question 3

Which service branch is responsible for the defense of North America?&#10;A) Air Force&#10;B) Army&#10;C) Marine Corps&#10;D) Navy

Accepted Answer

The Air Force is responsible for the defense of North America through their command of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), which is a joint operation with Canada. NORAD is responsible for monitoring, detecting and responding to aerial threats to North America.

Question 4

In 1949, the National Security Act was amended and the NME became:&#10;A) National Security Council&#10;B) Department of Defense&#10;C) Central Intelligence Agency&#10;D) Joint Chiefs of Staff

Accepted Answer

The National Security Act of 1947 created the National Military Establishment (NME), which was later amended in 1949 to become the Department of Defense. This reorganization brought together all branches of the military under one civilian secretary of defense and created a unified chain of command.

Question 5

Who was the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff?&#10;A) Dwight Eisenhower&#10;B) James Forrestal&#10;C) Douglas MacArthur&#10;D) Omar Bradley

Accepted Answer

Omar Bradley was the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, serving from 1949 to 1953.

Question 6

The Army's Jupiter and Air Forces' Thor intermediate-range missile program were duplicate efforts that cost America billions of dollars.

Accepted Answer

Both the Army's Jupiter and Air Forces' Thor missiles were developed to fulfill the same role, that is, an intermediate-range ballistic missile. However, the two programs were developed independently, leading to duplicate efforts and wastage of billions of dollars.

Question 7

Since the creation of the National Security Act in 1947, every U.S. presidential administration has expected and demanded full loyalty from the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Accepted Answer

The National Security Act of 1947 established the Joint Chiefs of Staff as the principal military advisers to the President of the United States and as such, every presidential administration has expected and demanded full loyalty from them.

Question 8

Which is a characteristic of militarism?&#10;A) Spending of resources on military means beyond national security&#10;B) Acquiring military bases beyond national security&#10;C) Promoting military strategies rather than other solutions&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Militarism involves the spending of resources on military means beyond national security, acquiring military bases beyond national security, and promoting military strategies rather than other solutions.

Question 9

The opinion of the American public does not play a part on which weapons the military will produce.

Accepted Answer

The opinion of the American public can influence military decisions, including weapon production, through political pressure, public opinion, and the actions of elected representatives who make and influence policy based on their constituents' views.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT included in the Iron Triangle?&#10;A) Leaders in the Department of Defense&#10;B) Congressmen and their constituents&#10;C) The President and his cabinet&#10;D) Defense contractors

Accepted Answer

The Iron Triangle refers to the policy-making relationship among the congressional committees, the bureaucracy (such as the Department of Defense), and interest groups (like defense contractors). The President and his cabinet are not typically considered part of this triangle, as it focuses on the more direct, ongoing interactions between Congress, government agencies, and interest groups in shaping policy.

Deck 8: Eisenhower the Cold War and Massive Retaliation 1953-1960