Deck 9: Anthropometry and Biomechanics

Question 1

In order to create proper fitting helmets and tables that are an appropriate size, we must have appropriate measure of individuals' heads and heights, which is

A) Anthropometry.
B) Biomechanics.
C) Functional measurement.
D) Link analysis.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The measurement of human sizes and shapes is called

A) Anthropometry.
B) Biomechanics.
C) Dynamic measurement.
D) Static measurement.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In order to get appropriate body measurements, one must determine the points at which a measurement starts and ends, such as from the shoulder to the write. These points are known as

A) Constraints.
B) Landmarks.
C) Limits.
D) Planes of the body.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

As the human body is three dimensional, the coronal plane refers to the areas of the body that go from.

A) Distal to proximal body parts.
B) Side to side.
C) The front to the back of the body.
D) The top to the bottom of the body.

Question 5

When measuring stature, we are interested in the distance from an individual's feet to the top of the head. This reflects the

A) Coronal plane.
B) Sagittal plane.
C) Third dimension plane.
D) Transverse plane.

Question 6

An example of a distal measure would be the measure from the

A) Shoulder to the elbow compared to the measure from one shoulder to the other shoulder.
B) Shoulder to the elbow compared to the measure from the shoulder to the wrist.
C) Shoulder to the wrist compared to the measure from the waist to the ankle.
D) Shoulder to the waist compared to the measure from the waist to the knee.

Question 7

Measuring sizes to determine the proper width of a chair, you are measuring the _____ of the chair.

A) Breadth
B) Circumference
C) Depth
D) Height

Question 8

When you measure the depth of a chair, you are measuring

A) From side to side.
B) From the back of the chair to the front.
C) The rake.
D) The seat angle.

Question 9

A person who is extremely tall is sitting in an airplane with her knees hitting the back of the chair in front of her. This sitting space has

A) A clearance that is too small.
B) A reach that is too small.
C) Excessive load.
D) Two-way constraints.

Question 10

A good example of a two-way constraint is

A) A doorway that can be too low and too narrow.
B) A seat that is too high and too deep.
C) A space that has too much reach.
D) A table that can be too high or too low.

Question 11

While setting up your workstation, you want to ensure you can access the computer's keyboard, mouse, and other control related to the computer without having to move your whole body. You are concerned with.

A) Clearance.
B) Load.
C) Reach.
D) Strength.

Question 12

While developing the design for your workspace, you decide to test for limiting users. This is best accomplished by

A) Asking individuals to limit their movements while performing the job to see if they can still perform well.
B) Limiting the number of participants in your fitting trial.
C) Testing the workspace using individuals who have limitations that could impact the function of the space.
D) Working with individuals who have limited experience.

Question 13

You have designed a control for railroads for changing the direction of the tracks. In order to make this change, a great deal of force is required to move the track. Thus, to be most effective, you designed the control to be manipulated by

A) Your elbows.
B) Your feet.
C) Your fingers.
D) Your hands.

Question 14

In order to measure how large or small an individual's grip is, we would use

A) A tape measure.
B) An anthropometer.
C) Cones.
D) Spreading calipers.

Question 15

To measure head width or depth, we would use a

A) Cone.
B) Sliding caliper
C) Spreading caliper.
D) Tape measure.

Question 16

The measurement of the dimensions of the human body when it is in a standing or seated position and there is no movement obtains

A) Dynamic dimensions.
B) Functional dimensions.
C) Muscular strength.
D) Static dimensions.

Question 17

When collecting anthropometric data,

A) As long as you have a large sample, your data will be reliable.
B) If you are studying children, you can collect from any age range to get the data you need.
C) It is important to consider the population of interest, as sex and age can impact measurements.
D) The military is a good population to study, as it tends to be representative of the general population.

Question 18

You want to test the design of a new computer desk. You ask individuals to use the desk while seated when the desk is at a particularly high level. Then, you gradually lower the desk height, asking for the participant's ratings about the computer desk. This is an example of a(n)

A) Ascending fitting trial.
B) Ascending and descending fitting trial.
C) Descending fitting trial.
D) Two-way fitting trial.

Question 19

When in need of anthropometric data,

A) Anthropometric data tables can save you time if the data represent the proper samples.
B) As long as data are collected on men and women, you can apply the data to most situations.
C) It is always best to collect your own data.
D) There is so much data available, it is rarely necessary to collect one's own data.

Question 20

You are designing an adjustable chair. Using anthropometric data to determine the sitting height of this chair, you would

A) Convert the scores to z-scores and use value that allow 50% of the population to be comfortable.
B) Design for adjustability, allowing the chair to go up to fit the 95^th percentile male and to go down to fit the 5^th percentile woman.
C) Need to ensure that the 5^th percentile woman can fit into the chair.
D) Use the mean sitting height.

Question 21

Using the anthropometric data, we calculate the proper width of a door or height of the entrance. This is called

A) Designing for adjustability.
B) Determining percentile points.
C) Method of limits.
D) Using corrections.

Question 22

Secular growth refers to the

A) Increase in heights of each successive generation.
B) Increase in the number of obese individuals, affecting design.
C) Variability in the growth rates of individuals.
D) Need for corrections in design due to clothing effects.

Question 23

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) publishes design standards that

A) Are easily understood and widely used around the world.
B) Are law.
C) Help assist with better and more uniform designs.
D) Only apply to military applications.

Question 24

In seating design,

A) The feet must be able to be on the floor, but one does not need to be able to change positions or postures.
B) The lumbar region must be supported and the feet must be able to be on the floor.
C) The thighs should rest on the front of the chair and the lumbar region must be supported.
D) Weight should be carried by the ischial tuberosities and the thighs should rest on the front of the chair.

Question 25

To design a chair well, it is important that the

A) Ischial tuberosities are supported and the backrest is perpendicular to the seat pan (i.e., 90° angle).
B) Seat is angled down toward the backrest to ensure individuals do not slide out of the seat.
C) Seat height matches the popliteal height and the seat depth allows an individual to use the backrest.
D) Seat width is as wide a men's shoulders.

Question 26

Work surface height

A) Needs to be higher than elbow height when standing, but at elbow height when seated.
B) Should be resting elbow height.
C) Should vary based on individual differences.
D) Will depend on the task performed.

Question 27

Dynamic conditions of strength

A) Are the same as endurance
B) Occur when the body members are not displaced; the force is applied to a fixed object.
C) Occur when body members actually move.
D) Refers to isometric strength.

Question 28

For our work, we have to hold our right arm out in front of us and move materials from the right to the left. This type of movement is called

A) Abduction.
B) Adduction.
C) Extension.
D) Flexion.

Question 29

While driving the delivery truck, Isabelle must often hold her foot in a flexed position. This means

A) Her foot is angled to the right.
B) Her foot is angled to the left.
C) Her toes are pointed out away from her.
D) Her toes are pulled toward here whereby the foot and leg for am 90° angle.

Question 30

When using a traditional computer keyboard, we often have our wrists bent improperly whereby our hands are bent up and out from a straight wrist position. This causes

A) Dorsiflexion and ulner deviation.
B) Palmar flexion and ulner deviation.
C) Radial deviation and pronation.
D) Supination and radial deviation.

Question 31

To avoid carpal tunnel syndrome, one should

A) Dorsiflex the wrist.
B) Have radial deviation.
C) Keep a straight wrist.
D) Use ulnar deviation.

Question 32

Wheelchair users might experience radial and ulner deviation, which could lead to

A) Compression damage.
B) Shoulder problems.
C) Sore spots.
D) Tendonitis in the wrist.

Question 33

You got a job at Amazon helping pack and load boxes onto the delivery trucks. This is a ______ job.

A) Low load, low movement.
B) Manual materials handling.
C) Standing.
D) Symmetrical.

Question 34

You are designing a kitchen and want to ensure pots, pans, and utensils are within easy reach of the cook when the person is standing at the prep counter, even if the cook has to bend or stretch to reach the materials. You are designing for the

A) Adducted reach space.
B) Extended reach envelope.
C) Mean proportional reach.
D) Normal reach envelope.

Question 35

Our normal line of sight falls just below the horizon, which means our computer screens

A) Are best placed when they are close to the table.
B) Should be placed below table height.
C) Should vary depending on the task we are performing.
D) That have their bottom edge 12 inches above the table are placed appropriate, as we should be leaning backwards 20 to 30 degrees.

Question 36

Describe what anthropometry is and how it is useful for human factors specialists.

Question 37

Describe how you would apply the issues of reach, clearance, and the limiting user in your design of a residence hall.

Question 38

Explain how you would collect anthropometric data for the design of a kitchen for individuals confined to wheelchairs.

Question 39

Explain what type of seating you would recommend for someone who spends a great deal on the computer reading and typing.

Question 40

Cashiers can be standing or seating. Explain how you would determine the proper work surface height for these two positions.

Question 41

Identify and describe the injuries that can occur when anthropometry or biomechanics are not properly applied to a situation.

Question 42

Explain what manual materials handling is and how it relates to biomechanics.

Question 43

Explain how you could determine the proper workspace design for a residence hall.

Question 44

Define what a reach envelope is and how it is applied in environmental design.

Question 45

What is the relationship among displays, controls, and biomechanics? That is, why do we human factors specialists study these things?

Question 46

A computer company has been receiving numerous complaints from the data processors about sore wrists and lower back pain. To "fix" this problem, the computer company hired you. The work force includes a wide variety of individuals: able-bodied and disabled, young and old, tall and short, heavy and thin. First, identify a primary cause for each complaint. Then, discuss what you would do to correct these problems (and reduce the complaints). Be specific and justify your answer

Question 47

You design sporting equipment for children. Currently, you are working on helmets, tennis racquets, and shin guards. Describe what type of data you would collect, how you would collect it, and how you would apply it.

Question 48

You are designing housing for individuals confined to wheelchairs. To ensure the individuals can use the spaces, explain how you would determine proper doorways, cabinets, and counters. How will this space be accommodating for able-bodied individuals who also live in these houses?