Deck 3: Visual, Tactile, and Olfactory Displays

Question 1

The four classes of displays are?

A) Visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory
B) Visual, auditory, tactile and oral
C) Visual, vibratory, tactile and olfactory
D) Perceptual, auditory, tactile and olfactory

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Stop and Yield signs are examples of

A) dynamic displays
B) static displays
C) visual alarms
D) warning instructions

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The ability to distinguish letters, numbers, and symbols from each other is called

A) Conspicuity
B) Visibility
C) Legibility
D) Readability

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Concerns regarding the spacing between characters or lines, and line length are an aspect of

A) Conspicuity
B) Visibility
C) Legibility
D) Readability

Question 5

Symbols or pictographs are not recommend for

A) Depicting concrete objects or actions
B) Depicting objects or actions that do not need translation
C) Depicting abstract concepts
D) When there referent is clearly identifiable

Question 6

The visual angle subtended by an object will

A) Will get smaller as you get closer to it
B) Will get larger as you get closer to it
C) Will not change regardless of distance
D) Will get larger as you move away from it

Question 7

To calculate the visual angle subtended by an object you need to know

A) Both its distance from the observer and the width or height of the object
B) Only its distance
C) Either its height or width, whichever is most relevant
D) None of the above

Question 8

Contrast is a measure representing

A) The relative size of an object with respect to the background
B) Luminance of an object relative to its background
C) The color of an object relative its background
D) Differences in depth of two objects

Question 9

Visual performance is more dependent on contrast when

A) The stimulus is small
B) When illumination is reduce like at night time
C) The viewer is older
D) All of the above

Question 10

The recommended stroke width for black letters on a white background is

A) 1:1
B) 1:8 to 1:10
C) 1:6 to 1:8
D) 4 to 8

Question 11

Fonts lacking the decorative features found at the end stroke of letters segments are called ______.

A) Block fonts
B) Serif fonts
C) Sans serif fonts
D) Sans fonts

Question 12

If text is going to be viewed on a low resolution display then a _________font should be used.

A) Block
B) Sans serif
C) Serif
D) Sans

Question 13

_________ displays are recommended if the operator needs to monitor trends or rates of change but not precise numerical values.

A) Analog
B) Digital
C) Static
D) Multidimensional

Question 14

Drivers often check their velocity to avoid speeding. The fact that the speedometer is centrally is an example of

A) The importance of use principle
B) The frequency of use principle
C) The sequence of use principle
D) Both a and b

Question 15

Which of the following is a weakness of graphs

A) Identifying global trends
B) Identifying precise values of a particular data point
C) Identifying rates of change or the slopes of the data
D) Identifying data points that may differ from the rest of the data

Question 16

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum we experience as visible light is between ____ nm and _____ nm.

A) 950; 1200
B) 400;1000
C) 400; 700
D) 200;700

Question 17

The structure of the eye that accounts for roughly two thirds of the eye's focusing power is the

A) Cornea.
B) Pupil.
C) Iris.
D) Lens.

Question 18

Optical power is the ability to bend or ______ light rays.

A) retract
B) refract
C) reflect
D) reposition

Question 19

Under low illumination the pupil ______ letting _____light into the eye

A) Constricts; more
B) Constricts; less
C) dilates; more
D) dilates; less

Question 20

Human observers are capable of seeing over

A) A 10 fold range.
B) A 16 fold range.
C) A 10 billon fold range.
D) A 40 billion fold range.

Question 21

The change in the lens that allows you to keep an object in focus as it approaches you is called ______?

A) Refraction
B) Presbyopia
C) Accommodation
D) Stereopsis

Question 22

The duplicity theory of vision states that

A) the eye contains two functionally and anatomically distinct visual systems.
B) impulses from photoreceptors are initially processed in the retina, but we see with the brain.
C) the eye contains two functionally and anatomically distinct types of cones. Photoreceptors.
D) that there are just two types of rod photoreceptors.

Question 23

The _______ visual system is another name for the _______ or daylight visual system.

A) Scotopic; rod
B) Photopic; cone
C) Scotopic; cone
D) Photopic; rod

Question 24

To see a very dim star at night, you need to place the image of the star on the _____ retina, where the ________ photoreceptors have their highest density.

A) Central; rod
B) Central; cone
C) Peripheral; rod
D) Peripheral; cone

Question 25

Full dark adaptation takes ____ minutes

A) 30 seconds
B) 1 minute
C) 1 hour
D) 30 minutes

Question 26

Red light is sometimes used at night time because

A) It keeps vampires at by
B) only the rods can detect the red light
C) the cones can see the dim red light and the light causes minimal light adaptation of rods
D) None of the above

Question 27

The peak wavelength sensitivity of the rods is shifted toward _____ wavelengths than the maximum sensitivity of the cones.

A) shorter
B) longer
C) red
D) infra-red

Question 28

The photochromatic interval represents a range of light intensities where a

A) light can be detected by the rods but not the cones and the light appears achromatic
B) light can be detected by the cones but not the rods and the light appears achromatic
C) light can be detected by both the cones and the rods
D) light cannot be detected by either the cones or the rods

Question 29

The observation that at lower levels of illumination that blues appear relatively brighter than reds is called

A) Scotopic vision
B) The Purkinje shift
C) Photopic vision
D) Mesopic vision

Question 30

The long-, Middle- and short-wavelength cones differ primarily in terms of

A) Their physical sizes
B) Their spectral sensitivity
C) The magnitude of the response they produce after absorbing a photon of light
D) The luminance level the function best under

Question 31

Visual acuity is a measure of

A) Depth perception.
B) Color vision.
C) The ability to resolve fine visual details.
D) The ability to detect movement.

Question 32

Because of the poor acuity of the ____visual system signs or warnings that might be read under poorly illuminated conditions have to be____.

A) Cones; smaller
B) Cone; larger
C) rod; smaller
D) rod; larger

Question 33

Which of the following statements is correct

A) Acuity changes little with eccentricity
B) Peripheral visual acuity declines linearly with eccentricity
C) Acuity drops rapidly with eccentricity
D) Peripheral and central acuity are approximately the same

Question 34

To maximize the visibility of stimuli using peripheral vision we must make the stimuli _____ and _____contrast.

A) larger, lower
B) larger; higher
C) smaller; lower
D) smaller; higher

Question 35

Which of the following is not an advantage of using color in coding information

A) Color can be discriminate under low and high illumination conditions
B) It can aid in the segregation of a target from its background
C) It can aid in searching for a target defined by a unique hue
D) It can aid in grouping similarly colored objects

Question 36

Color blindness (i.e., color limitations)

A) affects in about 8 to 9% of females.
B) affects about 8 to 9% of males.
C) affects about 8 to 9% of males and females.
D) poses few problems for those who have it.

Question 37

Judging the distance of another object with respect to you is an example of

A) a static judgment
B) absolute judgment
C) egocentric distance
D) relative judgment

Question 38

Jack is given the task of judging which of two objects is further away. This task is an example of a ________ judgment

A) static
B) absolute
C) egocentric
D) relative

Question 39

Which of the following is not a cue used by artists to depict depth?

A) Texture gradients
B) occlusion
C) motion parallax
D) position of features relative to the horizon

Question 40

Lateral movements of the head can generate a cue to depth called_____.

A) diplasia
B) motion parallax
C) linear stereopsis
D) rotation

Question 41

____ cues allow you to sense the static position of your limbs.

A) depth
B) Kinesthetic
C) Proprioceptive
D) Vestibular

Question 42

Unlike proprioceptive cues, kinesthetic cues allow you to sense the _____ of your limbs.

A) length
B) orientation
C) position
D) movement

Question 43

Tactile sensitivity including the ability to discriminate two points from one is highest on the _____.

A) Upper arm
B) calf
C) finger tips
D) back

Question 44

The term haptics refers to

A) Detection of the static position of our limbs
B) Detection of the movement of our limbs
C) Tactile pressure
D) The sum total of cues provided by the tactile system when we actively explore an object

Question 45

The ability to identify an object using only tactile cues is enhance by

A) Passively pressing the object on the hands
B) By warming the hands
C) Active tactile exploration using the hands
D) By pressing the object on the back of the hand

Question 46

Older drivers avoid driving at night because

A) of their susceptibility to glare from headlights
B) of their reduced night time acuity
C) or their reduced sensitivity to contrast
D) all of the above

Question 47

Design can accommodate the needs of color limited users by employing strategies such as

A) Making text larger.
B) Only using red and green to code information.
C) Employing redundant cues including brightness or position where appropriate.
D) Increasing the contrast of the stimuli.