Deck 10: Environmental Design

Question 1

When we discuss environmental design,

A) A number of factors could be considered such as noise, lighting, temperature, layout, and air quality.
B) The main issues are generally related to layout and wayfinding. .
C) This refers to lighting and air quality.
D) We should focus on evaporation and other critical heat exchange aspects.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The temperature we experience, not just what is indicated on a thermometer, is called

A) Air temperature.
B) Relative temperature.
C) Effective temperature.
D) Mean radiant temperature.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When measuring temperature,

A) Air velocity impact air temperature.
B) Effective temperature include the effects of air velocity, relative humidity, and altitude.
C) The mean radiant temperature is the average temperature emitted over time.
D) The wet bulb globe temperature considering air temperature, radiant temperature, and humidity.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In order to feel comfortable when the air temperature is high, we need

A) Higher relative humidity and a greater air velocity.
B) Higher relative humidity and a lower air velocity.
C) Lower relative humidity and a greater air velocity.
D) Lower relative humidity and a lower air velocity.

Question 5

When heat exchanged between the body and environment that are not touching, this is called

A) Conduction.
B) Convection.
C) Evaporation.
D) Radiation.

Question 6

When trapped air or fluid affects heat exchange between the body and environment, this is called

A) Conduction.
B) Convection.
C) Evaporation.
D) Radiation.

Question 7

You jump into the cold water during the Polar Plunge. Your body head quickly transfer to the water due to

A) Conduction.
B) Convection.
C) Evaporation.
D) Radiation.

Question 8

When heat exchanged between the body and an object in the environment occurs from direct contact, this is called

A) Conduction.
B) Convection.
C) Evaporation.
D) Radiation.

Question 9

One can become "fully" acclimated to the cold within

A) One or two days.
B) One or two weeks.
C) One or two months.
D) Possibly never.

Question 10

When we are concerned about how well the body is capable of cooling itself depending on the amount of heat placed on the body (i.e., heat load), we are concerned with the

A) Cold stress index.
B) Heat index.
C) Heat stress index.
D) Wind chill index.

Question 11

Heat stress appears to affect

A) Cognitive and mental activities the least.
B) Cognitive performance, especially when humidity levels are higher.
C) Only physical types of performances.
D) The more boring or simple tasks more than then complex tasks.

Question 12

Cold tends to have a greater negative impact on

A) Attentional and perceptual tasks.
B) Little effect on cognitive performance, but affects physical performance.
C) Reasoning, learning, and memory tasks.
D) Tasks requiring quick reaction time on tasks requiring mathematical processing.

Question 13

Performance tends to be more greatly affected

A) If the temperatures are moderate and individuals are performing vigilance tasks.
B) On memory tasks and the environment is too hot.
C) On perceptual tasks when it becomes too hot or too cold.
D) When the person is performing in extreme temperatures.

Question 14

Clothing

A) Has enhanced insulation the thinner and less permeable it is.
B) Keeps us warm by adding one clo value for each layer of clothing.
C) Provides insulation, which is measured as a clo unit.
D) Should not allow for heat exchange.

Question 15

When someone experiences excessive sweating, an increased core temperature, and an increase heart rate, this person is experiencing

A) Cold stress
B) Cramps.
C) Fatigue.
D) Heat stress

Question 16

You traveled to the desert and are beginning to get used to the heat, but not the arid weather. You are

A) Acclimating and acclimatizing.
B) Acclimating, but still need to acclimatiz
C) Acclimatizing, but still need to acclimate.
D) Neither acclimating nor acclimatizing.

Question 17

To read the questions on this test, the lighting in the room is falling on the paper. The amount of lighting falling on the paper is called

A) Illumination.
B) Luminance.
C) Luminous flux.
D) Lux or lumens.

Question 18

When taking an art class, it is important that the lighting in the room allows you to see the true colors. This lighting needs to have

A) High color rending.
B) Low efficiency.
C) High luminous flux.
D) High luminous intensity.

Question 19

You are studying at your desk which is placed next to a window. After reading an interesting section on disability glare, you look out the window to ponder some ideas. It is a bright sunny day, so when you turn back to reading you have trouble seeing the print. This is an example of

A) Blinding glare.
B) Intraocular veiling luminance.
C) Reflected glare.
D) Transient adaptation.

Question 20

Your room has only one light fixture which does not give off too much light. In order to work on your human factors project, you need more light. To correct this problem, you decide to buy a desk lamp. This is

A) Direct lighting.
B) Illuminance lighting.
C) Indirect lighting.
D) Inspection lighting.

Question 21

The most commonly used lamp is

A) Fluorescent.
B) Gaseous discharge
C) Incandescent.
D) Mercury vapor.

Question 22

Glare occurs when brightness within the field of vision is

A) Greater than the luminance to which the eyes are adapted.
B) Less than the luminance to which the eyes are adapted.
C) Greater than or less than the luminance to which the eyes are adapted.
D) The same as the luminance to which the eyes are adapted.

Question 23

When sun reflects of some object whereby you cannot see anything, this is

A) Blinding, direct, and discomfort glare.
B) Disability glare, that is specular in nature.
C) Indirect glare that is blinding.
D) Veiling reflections that are diffuse and can cause discomfort glare.

Question 24

A particular task requires a great deal of illumination. To achieve this, it is best to use __________, but/and there is a chance for _____________.

A) direct lighting; more glare
B) direct lighting; fewer shadows
C) indirect lighting; more glare
D) indirect lighting; fewer shadows

Question 25

With the windows down and the stereo playing loudly, you are driving down the freeway to your friend's house. When you arrive there you ask your friend to speak louder because you are having trouble hearing. This is an example of

A) Conduction deafness.
B) Nerve deafness.
C) Permanent threshold shift.
D) Temporary threshold shift.

Question 26

Noise

A) Actually improves performance when conversations are not understandable.
B) Has no effect on performance.
C) Often improves performance on difficult tasks.
D) Tends to be distracting and decreases performance.

Question 27

Noise is most annoying when it is

A) Continuous and predictable.
B) Continuous and unpredictable.
C) Intermittent and predictable.
D) Intermittent and unpredictable.

Question 28

A technique used to identify the relationship among components, which also uses graphic representation of the data to determine the appropriate arrangement of components is

A) Graphic analysis.
B) Job analysis.
C) Link analysis.
D) Task analysis.

Question 29

When the office is designed with all desks in a shared space with little or no delineation for individual space, this is a(n)

A) Bull pen.
B) Cellular office.
C) Landscaped office.
D) Open-plan.

Question 30

A type of open-plan office in which plants and furniture are used to create a "design" or pattern to the office is a

A) Bull pen.
B) Cellular office.
C) Labyrinth office.
D) Landscaped office.

Question 31

An advantage to the open-plan office is the

A) Ability to isolate oneself from other workers.
B) Increase in ease of communication.
C) Reduction of noise.
D) Tendency to develop many friendships.

Question 32

A private, enclosed office is a(n)

A) Bull pen.
B) Cellular office.
C) Landscaped office.
D) Open-plan.

Question 33

You need to be able to concentrate on the job as well as to have space to discuss private issues with other employees. You need a(n) ______ office.

A) Bull pen.
B) Cellular.
C) Landscaped.
D) Open-plan.

Question 34

Windows

A) Add little stimuli to the environment.
B) Are not desired by most workers.
C) Might provide restoration if the view is of nature.
D) Tend to increase performance.

Question 35

The office seems to be drab, so you decide to paint your office a different color to "liven it up." You should

A) Select yellow because it is bright.
B) Select a color you like, because it is not clear as to what affect color has on mood and performance.
C) Select an off-white so it does not clash with other colors in the office.
D) Have no contrasts.

Question 36

In order to make it easier to get around campus,

A) A person should review a cognitive map.
B) Graphic signage is most helpful.
C) It can be helpful if there are landmarks and architectural differentiations.
D) It is best to create more sketch maps.

Question 37

Wayfinding is enhanced with

A) Enhanced territoriality.
B) Lighting that obscures certain interior areas.
C) Multiple cues such as landmarks, cues, and environmental differentiation.
D) Stairs placed in tucked away corners, not taking up floor space.

Question 38

In designing a physical arrangement, what does it mean to satisfice?

Question 39

Describe what work space envelope is and how it could be used?

Question 40

Explain the difference between open-plan and cellular offices (in design and effect).

Question 41

Explain the difference between illuminance and luminance.

Question 42

Describe two ways to reduce and control glare.

Question 43

Describe the impact of humidity on temperature?

Question 44

Explain why wind chill is a concern in the winter, but not summer and humidity is a concern in the summer, but not winter.

Question 45

Explain what a temporary threshold shift (TTS) is and how that might impact workers.

Question 46

Describe two (2) problems associated with extreme heat and extreme cold.

Question 47

Compare and contrast an open-plan and a cellular office.

Question 48

Explain the effects of windows on performance?

Question 49

Explain the effects of color on performance?

Question 50

You want to encourage interaction among your staff. What type of office plan would you use? Explain.

Question 51

Explain how you could enhance wayfinding in a nursing home using at least two examples.

Question 52

The administrative assistants have been complaining about eye fatigue and the cold temperatures in the office. Describe what could be causes of eye fatigue and the impact of cold temperatures. Then, discuss how you could eliminate these problems and how that could affect performance.

Question 53

Students who frequently use the library to study often find that they have to go through the quiet study area to get to the study area that allows some talking. Using your knowledge of the impact of noise on performance as well as of layout and wayfinding, describe what you see as problematic, what the effects are likely to be, and how you could remedy the situation.

Question 54

You have been assigned to Project City, a housing development group. Your job is to design multifamily dwellings. First, discuss three (3) ways how you would layout and design the streets for easy access and parking. Then describe three (3) ways how you would design the exterior for safety, and easy access for the elderly and handicapped. Finally, describe three (3) ways how you would design the interior for safety, and easy access for the elderly and disabled.