Deck 3: The Social Construction and Regulation of Families

Question 1

When immigrants learn the language of their new country they are practicing ______.

A) assimilation
B) cultural relativism
C) ethnocentricity
D) xenophobia

Answer 1

A

Question 2

______ describes the process by which new racial and ethnic groups entering the United States gradually accept and adapt to the dominant culture.

A) Assimilation
B) Cultural relativism
C) Ethnocentricity
D) Eenophobia

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is true of multigenerational assimilation practices?

A) The younger the immigrant is, the more likely they are to assimilate.
B) The older the immigrant is, the less likely they are to assimilate.
C) Older immigrants are the most likely to assimilate.
D) both "the younger the immigrant is, the more likely they are to assimilate" and "the older the immigrant is, the less likely they are to assimilate"

Answer 3

D

Question 4

______ was passed by Congress in 1887 and required Native American nations to divide their communal reservations into individual plots of 160 acres.

A) Great Migration
B) Thomas Legacy
C) Cherokee Legacy
D) Dawes Act

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the resistance to the Dawes Act of 1887?

A) the Native Americans did not resist its passage
B) the Native Americans demanded that women also be considered family heads
C) the remaining reservation land was divided up and given to white homesteaders and corporations
D) both "the Native Americans demanded that women also be considered family heads" and "the remaining reservation land was divided up and given to white homesteaders and corporations"

Question 6

The fact that Native Americans demanded that women also be consider family heads in their resistance to the Dawes Act of 1887 clearly illustrates ______.

A) their intent to assimilate into European cultural norms
B) the value placed on gender equity in many Native American cultures
C) greed
D) desire to be subservient

Question 7

Which of the following best describes gender relationships in colonial America between the colonists?

A) Women's sphere was limited to homemaking and childrearing practices.
B) Women were consulted regularly on political matters.
C) Women controlled the finances in the household.
D) Women were viewed as being equal to men.

Question 8

Within the ideology of domesticity, ______.

A) women were not expected to work for pay outside of the home
B) women were expected to work outside the home part-time
C) women were expected to work for pay inside their own homes
D) men were not expected to work for pay

Question 9

Which of the following is true of the concept of the "cult of domesticity"?

A) It was true for all women in the 20th century.
B) It was limited to the experience of white middle- and upper-class women.
C) It was limited to the experience of white working-class women.
D) It was limited to the experience of black working-class women.

Question 10

Domesticity ideology is also known as ______.

A) dichotomous spheres ideology
B) separate spheres ideology
C) intersectional ideology
D) none of these

Question 11

This theoretical approach argues that black family structures are the result of a long history of structural inequality faced by blacks since slavery.

A) legacy of slavery thesis
B) anti-slavery thesis
C) revisionist thesis
D) surrogacy thesis

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true about the separate spheres ideology?

A) It explains that husbands and wives worked equally outside of the home for pay.
B) It explains that husbands worked outside of the home while wives performed unpaid labor in the home.
C) It was not supportive of husbands doing housework.
D) It was not supportive of wives taking paying jobs outside of the home.

Question 13

The time period associated with the Great Migration in which more than 6 million African Americans moved out of the rural south to the urban areas of the North, Midwest, and West is ______.

A) 1865-1900
B) 1885-1920
C) 1900-1920
D) 1916-1970

Question 14

Which of the theses described in the chapter is a direct response to the stereotypes and the legacy of slavery thesis?

A) anti-slavery thesis
B) revisionist thesis
C) denial thesis
D) white privilege thesis

Question 15

This thesis researches and redirects attention to the strength and resilience of black families.

A) anti-slavery thesis
B) revisionist thesis
C) denial thesis
D) white privilege thesis

Question 16

If Gerard regularly spends time in both his home in Canada and his home in Sri Lanka, he would be considered a(n) ______.

A) migrant
B) immigrant
C) transmigrant
D) alien

Question 17

This describes the practice of women carrying an implanted embryo to full term for the biological parent(s).

A) gestational surrogacy
B) biological surrogacy
C) genetic surrogacy
D) adoptive surrogacy

Question 18

Which country has a booming gestational surrogacy market?

A) China
B) Canada
C) India
D) United States

Question 19

When applying an intersectional lens to the international market of gestational surrogacy a conflict theorist ______.

A) would not be concerned with issues of class and power differentials
B) would argue that only the wealthy are able to afford this practice
C) would argue that the reproductive labor of economically disadvantaged women is being exploited
D) both "would argue that only the wealthy are able to afford this practice" and "would argue that the reproductive labor of economically disadvantaged women is being exploited"

Question 20

Which of the following is a trend within the global gestational surrogacy market?

A) Economically disadvantaged women are more likely to perform reproductive labor.
B) Economically advantaged women are more likely to perform reproductive labor.
C) There are not any economic trends evident in this practice.
D) none of these

Question 21

Which of the following is true of nuclear families?

A) They include family members related by blood only.
B) They include family members related by blood or adoption.
C) They include a mother and father in the household.
D) both "they include family members related by blood or adoption" and "they include a mother and father in the household"

Question 22

Nuclear families do not include ______.

A) extended family members
B) adopted siblings
C) single parent
D) both "extended family members" and "single parent"

Question 23

One problem with the concept of the nuclear family is that ______.

A) by default anyone who does not meet the criteria is labeled as dysfunctional
B) it assumes heteronormativity
C) it perpetuates stigma for couples who are unable to have children
D) all of these

Question 24

Which race of women does the marriage squeeze affect the most?

A) African American
B) Caucasian
C) Latino
D) Asian

Question 25

This concept describes a change in marriage patterns leading to fewer marriages and few suitable partners for black women.

A) marriage squeeze
B) welfare
C) white flight
D) miscegenation

Question 26

Which of the following reasons is given in the chapter to explain marriage squeeze?

A) over-incarceration of African American men
B) over-incarceration of African American women
C) correlation of race and poverty
D) both "over-incarceration of African American men" and "correlation of race and poverty"

Question 27

Which president started marriage promotion programs?

A) Bill Clinton
B) George W. Bush
C) Barack Obama
D) Richard Nixon

Question 28

These programs teach relationship and communication skills and assume that marriage is a solution to poverty for single mothers.

A) temporary assistance to needy families
B) marriage promotion programs
C) SNAP programs
D) gestational surrogacy programs

Question 29

In relation to marriage promotion programs, a symbolic interactionist might explain that ______.

A) marriage is not always economically beneficial to single mothers
B) marriage puts some women at risk for intimate partner violence
C) marriage is always preferable to single motherhood
D) both "marriage is not always economically beneficial to single mothers" and "marriage puts some women at risk for intimate partner violence"

Question 30

On average, white women in colonial America gave birth to ______ children.

A) 2-4
B) 5-8
C) 10-12
D) 3-5

Question 31

Which of the following was true about households in colonial America?

A) the notion of family was not based on blood ties
B) the notion of family was based on blood ties
C) everyone living in the same household under a male household leader was considered a family
D) both "the notion of family was not based on blood ties" and "everyone living in the same household under a male household leader was considered a family"

Question 32

White women in colonial America ______.

A) had no legal right to property
B) when married could not sign contracts
C) when married could not file lawsuits
D) all of these

Question 33

Which segment of women led the "cult of domesticity"?

A) privileged white women
B) working-class white women
C) privileged minority women
D) working-class minority women

Question 34

In the 1840s this immigrant group was referred to as the "blacks of Europe," and they encountered blatant discrimination by employers.

A) Eastern Jews
B) Germans
C) Irish
D) Southern European Jews

Question 35

In 1875 the U.S. government issued this landmark attempt to limit the immigration of "undesirables."

A) Dawes Act
B) Page Law
C) Chinese Immigration Act
D) Gentlemen's Agreement

Question 36

The Page Law of 1875 conceptualized this group of immigrants as "undesirable."

A) Irish farmers
B) Chinese men
C) Chinese prostitutes
D) Southern Jews

Question 37

In the late 19th century, the immigration of Chinese prostitutes to the United States was viewed negatively because they were ______.

A) suspected of corrupting Chinese and white men
B) suspected of spreading disease
C) seen as a threat to the integrity of the white family
D) all of these

Question 38

This 1907-1908 legislation was reached whereby Japan agreed to stop allowing Japanese men to migrate to the United States and the United States agreed to admit the existing men's family members.

A) Gentlemen's Agreement
B) Dawes Act
C) Immigration Act
D) Japanese Exclusion Act

Question 39

After the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, how many Japanese Americans were forced to live in internment camps?

A) 40,000
B) 15,000
C) 110,000
D) 75,000

Question 40

Which of the following is true of contemporary families in the United States?

A) They are increasingly diverse.
B) They make up less than 20% of families.
C) People are less likely to be married than it was 50 years ago.
D) all of these

Question 41

When immigrants move to the United States and attempt to learn English and make American friends, they are said to be attempting to ______.

A) assimilate
B) isolate
C) miscegenate
D) all of these

Question 42

This theorist discussed seven stages of assimilation.

A) Milton Gordon
B) Tom Stine
C) Arlie Hochschild
D) Lisa Wade

Question 43

Which of the following was not identified as a stage of assimilation by Milton Gordon?

A) adopting the dominant cultural patterns
B) adopting the dominant language
C) limiting social interactions to only other minority group members
D) intermarriage

Question 44

This type of theorist emphasizes that the dominant group seeks to protect its economic and political interests by controlling minority groups' labor and resources.

A) symbolic interactionist
B) structural functionalist
C) conflict theorist
D) rational choice theorist

Question 45

This type of theorist might examine how individuals and families give meaning to cultural phenomenon and family relationships and interactions.

A) symbolic interactionist
B) structural functionalist
C) conflict theorist
D) rational choice theorist

Question 46

Which of the following is a way in which families may pass on their own cultural values and traditions in an effort to face the demands of assimilation?

A) listening to music
B) eating traditional foods
C) spiritual practices
D) all of these are correct

Question 47

How does the author conceptualize the Culture of Poverty thesis?

A) as underrated
B) that it is no longer an important consideration for public figures
C) that it is still relied on by politicians to explain the high rates of African American poverty
D) both "as underrated" and "that it is no longer an important consideration for public figures"

Question 48

The stock story of the culture of poverty thesis ______.

A) argues that black families were pathological because they did not replicate the traditional nuclear family model
B) blames poverty and other social problems on black families themselves
C) shows single mothers as being overbearing
D) all of these

Question 49

Children from this racial group are the most likely to be living in poverty.

A) American Indian
B) Asian and Pacific Islander
C) African American
D) Hispanic

Question 50

This idea proposed that all racial and ethnic minority groups would eventually assimilate into U.S. society and values.

A) race relations cycle
B) legacy of slavery thesis
C) revisionist thesis
D) assimilation thesis

Question 51

This social reality was present following the Great Migration.

A) black women often found jobs as live-in domestics
B) black men were often unable to find well-paying jobs
C) black women often had no economic incentive to marry
D) all of these

Question 52

In 1965, who produced the controversial report that argued that single-women headed families were keeping the black community trapped in poverty and attributed a host of other problems to "dysfunctional" black families?

A) Daniel Moynihan
B) Elizabeth Hattery
C) Robert Smith
D) Patrick Hill

Question 53

Who/what did Moynihan (1965) blame for the black community being trapped in poverty?

A) black men
B) racism
C) discrimination
D) single-women headed families

Question 54

Which of the following did Moynihan (1965) blame on black single-women headed families?

A) delinquency
B) dependence on the government for support
C) crime
D) all of these

Question 55

What was one of the ways that revisionist scholars responded to the legacy of slavery thesis?

A) that in metropolitan neighborhoods 2 out of 3 families included a married couple
B) that discrimination was to blame for the large number of black woman single-headed households
C) that in metropolitan neighborhoods 9 out of 10 black families were not on welfare
D) both "that in metropolitan neighborhoods 2 out of 3 families included a married couple" and "that in metropolitan neighborhoods 9 out of 10 black families were not on welfare"

Question 56

How did revisionist scholars conceptualize slave families?

A) as functional adaptations to the conditions of slavery
B) as victims of slavery
C) as helpless
D) as weak social networks

Question 57

Revisionist scholars explain that this is one way in which slave families served as a functional adaptation to the condition of slavery.

A) extended kin were a viable source of emotional strength
B) black fathers tried to keep their families together at all costs
C) slaves often ran away to return to their families
D) all of these

Question 58

Drawing generalizations about Latino immigration is difficult due to ______.

A) the fact that numerous countries of origin are considered Latino
B) the time period in which they immigrated to the United States is significant
C) family formations are a product of their cultures of origin
D) both "the fact that numerous countries of origin are considered Latino" and "family formations are a product of their cultures of origin"

Question 59

The Latino family stereotype is problematic because ______.

A) these characteristics are more commonly found in low-income Mexican American families
B) the stereotype disregards the culture of origin
C) the stereotype disregards the country of origin
D) all of these are correct

Question 60

How does the author apply the matrix lens in this chapter?

A) by discussing stock stories
B) by discussing concealed stories
C) by discussing the role of technology
D) both "by discussing stock stories" and "by discussing concealed stories"

Question 61

The matrix framework asks that in addition to race, we also consider ______.

A) institutions
B) structures as they interact with and shape each other
C) culture
D) all of these

Question 62

Which of the following is true of families?

A) their formation remains unchanged through time
B) the ideal family type varies historically
C) gender is central to understanding different family formations across history
D) both "the ideal family type varies historically" and "gender is central to understanding different family formations across history"

Question 63

Which of the following is true of stock stories?

A) they promote hegemonic family ideals
B) they reproduce racial inequality
C) they privilege some families over others
D) all of these are correct

Question 64

The matrix approach ______.

A) allows us to look at recent research that challenges simplistic stock stories
B) perpetuates systems of inequality
C) highlights new concealed and resistance stories that contextualize our understanding of families
D) both "allows us to look at recent research that challenges simplistic stock stories" and "highlights new concealed and resistance stories that contextualize our understanding of families"

Question 65

Which of the following groups has been most affected by the marriage squeeze of the 21st century?

A) working-class white women
B) middle-class black women
C) middle-class Hispanic women
D) working-class black women

Question 66

Which of the following is true of the concealed story of single non-custodial black fathers?

A) they are less engaged with their children than their white counterparts
B) they are more engaged in their children's lives than their white counterparts
C) African American non-residential fathers have higher rates of parental involvement than their Hispanic counterparts
D) both "they are more engaged in their children's lives than their white counterparts" and "African American non-residential fathers have higher rates of parental involvement than their Hispanic counterparts"

Question 67

Which of the following is an example of the gendered nature of the state's involvement in shaping families?

A) state laws preventing pregnant women from working
B) state laws preventing access to abortions
C) state laws allowing access to abortions
D) all of these

Question 68

What was the social consequence of the 1950 and 1960 "man in the house" laws?

A) They gave social workers the ability to cut off payments to single women who were suspected of engaging in sexual relations with a man.
B) They attempted to socially control women's sexual behavior.
C) They decreased women lead single-parent households.
D) both "they gave social workers the ability to cut off payments to single women who were suspected of engaging in sexual relations with a man" and "they attempted to socially control women's sexual behavior"

Question 69

Which of the following is true of marriage promotion programs?

A) They are not research-based.
B) They reproduce the myth of the ideal family.
C) They ignore structural causes of inequality.
D) all of these

Question 70

The nuclear family is the "natural" family form.

Question 71

Racism and systems of inequality shape family formations.

Question 72

Violence within the family is in public view, due to the ideology of the family as a private sphere.

Question 73

Babies born to undocumented parents in the United States are considered U.S. citizens.

Question 74

Interracial marriage was considered illegal until 1967.

Question 75

Since same-sex marriage was legalized in 2015 it is now illegal in all states to discriminate against gay and lesbian couples.

Question 76

While not one charge of espionage was ever reported, more than 110,000 first- and second-generation Japanese Americans were relocated to internment camps following the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941.

Question 77

Nuclear families are defined as mother, father, and children (biological or adopted) living together.

Question 78

The number of adult individuals living alone has almost doubled since 1960.

Question 79

The legacy of slavery thesis attempted to shift the focus from black people themselves as pathological to the argument that pathological family structures were the result of a long history of structural inequality.

Question 80

Using examples from the textbook, discuss the complexities involved for Chicana mothers to socialize their daughters into being productive members of society.